The Industrial Revolution is the result of the substitution of competitions for the medieval regulations which  ones controlled the production of wealth.

It is not only important for the history of England but Europe owes to it the growth of a great system of thought:

-Economic Sciences and it's an thesis socialism

-the landmarks of the development of economic science are connected with the name of four great English Economists.

-Adam smith's wealth of nation(1776):he investigated the causes of wealth. It was the production of wealth which interested him. He wanted to increases the riches and power of a country.

-Malthus essay on population(1798):he was interested in the ceases of poverty and found them in his theory of population.

-Ricardo's principles of political economy and taxation(1817):he tried to discover the laws of distribution of wealth

-John Stuart Mill's principles of political economy(1848):he tried to distinguish between the laws of production and those of distribution. He tried the ways in which wealth ought to be distributed.

Competition is the dominant idea even of our time. It has often been named the struggle for existence.     

We must distinguish between struggle for existence and struggle for a particular kind of existence.

Without competition, no progress would be possible but Socialist maintain that this advantage.

His gain at the expense of an enormous waste of human life and laborers. They add the expense might be avoided by regulation.

A distinction must be named:

A-On competition in production

B-Competition in distribution

Trade unions try to prevent oppression of the laborers and the driving down their wages.

Legislation regulates the competition in distribution.

THE CHIEF FEATURES OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

The events leading to industrial revolution:

1)Rapid growth of population

1.b)Decline in agricultural population (the center of population as shifted from the middles to the north).

2)Agrarian Revolution:

The decrees in the population was due to:

1)the destruction of the common-field system of cultivation

2)the enclosure on a large scale of common and waste lands

3)the consolidation of the small farms in to large

This changes brought a distinct improvement from an agricultural point of view.

                                            Scientific cultural took the place of unscientific cultural            

Great agricultural advantages: the breed of cattle was improved, rotation of crops introduced, invention of steam-plough.

3. Revolution in Manufacturing Industries   was due to the substitution of the factory for the domestic system: it was a consequence of the mechanical discoveries of the time

Cotton manufacture was altered by:

•1.      the spinning-jenny

•2.      the water frame

•3.      the mule

•4.      the steam engine

•5.      the power loom

Iron Industry

Invention of smelting by pit-coal application of the steam engine to blast furnaces.

4.      Expansion of trade was made possible by the great advance in the means of communication:

1. A system of canals

2. Improvement of roads

3. Construction of turnpike roads

4. The first railroad (1870)

5.      Revolution in the distribution of wealth

In agriculture rents rose. The rise was due to money invested in improvements but it was also defect of enclosures system, of the consolidation of farms and of the high price of corn during the French war.