From the contest:

Exercise 3 page 29

At Elizabeth's death James VI of Scotland became also James I of England . He tried to rule as an absolute monarch causing hostility between Parliament and himself. The king and Parliament were threatened by the Gunpowder Plot, organised by Catholics , which failed. Like his father, Charles I belived in the principle of the divine right of kings. Parliament's Petition of Rights opposed the king's attempt to impose taxes without parliamentary consent. Under Charles I English society was divided by many religious differences. A Civil War broke out in 1642 because the Puritan leaders in the House of Commons wanted to limit royal authority. Royalist forces included the Catholics, the gentry and the aristocracy . Parliamentary forces included the wealthy middle classes of businessmen and merchants. The Parliamentary army, led by Oliver Cromwell, defeated the Royalists in 1645. The King was executed in 1649. A republic, called the Commonwealth, was instituted under Cromwell's rule, but it collapsed at his death   . Charles II was restored to the English throne in 1660. During his reign, two catastrophes hit the city, a fire and the plague. The king's successor, James II, wanted to impose Catholicism on an Anglican nation. For this reason he was deposed in 1688.

Exercise 1 page 40

1) The English Renaissance started in the reign of Henry VIII and reached its height under Elizabeth I

2) The Renaissance was based on ideas of classical culture which valued the human figure and human reason.

3) It was influenced by the Renaissance and looked back to the calssical culture.

4) The classics were taught in Italian grammar school and at the universities of as mCambridge and Oxford

5) In the reign of Elizabeth I, the court became a centre of literary and artistic activity; it encouraged poetry, music, the arts and drama.

6) In this period drama became very popular and several theatres were built in London.

7) The Puritan authorities of the city considered actors and playhouses as sources of corruption.

8) Renaissance music gave great importance to musical instruments such as the virginal and the lute. William Byrd and John Dowland were the best musicians of the period.

9) Portrait painting and miniature became very fashionable in Renaissance art.

10) Renaissance language is called 'modern English. It was influenced by Latin, and borrowed many new words from foreign languages.

Exercise 2 page 40

1)      The authorized version of the Bible

The book of Commom Prayer

Protestant

2)      Partners

Arts

Flemish

Painters

3)      Moral

Playhouses

Destroyed

Closed

Portrait

Concerts

4)      Restoration

Amusement

Theatres

5)      Dido and Aeneas

6)      Reconstruction

Saint Paul’s cathedral

7)      Royal society

Isaac Newton

Gravity

8)      Argumentative

Book and pamplets

Issues

9)      Colloquial

Vocabulary

Latinate words

10)   British Isles

Scots

Gaelic

 

 

Exercise 3 page 41

 

1)      Courtly love

Metaphysical

Epic

2)      Elizabethian

Playwrights

Commonwealth

Restoration

3)      Prose

English

4)      Religious

Book of martyrs

Pilgrim’s Progress

5)      Classical

6)      Chronicles

7)      John Lyly

8)      Essays

9)      Aeropagitica

10)   Latin

 

From Performer:

Pag. 78 es. 1

After the death of Elizabeth I in 1603, James VI of Scotland was crowned with the name of James I of England.
During his reign there were political and religious problems.
Indeed, he was Protestant and he barred Catholics from public life and he fined them if they refused to attend the Church of England. Furthermore he increased problems with Parliament because he summoned it only to ask for money, but its members refused to levy any taxes unless the money was needed for war.
Some Catholics also plotted to blow him up in the Houses of Parliament, therefore we know that his reign wasn’t an easy one and that he wasn’t loved by the people.

 

Exercise 2 Page 80

1. Guy Fawkes was the man selected to prepare the gunpowder and light the fuse.
2. They introduced barrels into the House of Lords without causing suspicion.
3. All seemed to be going according to plan, but then one of the plotters wrote a letter to his brother-in-law warning him not to attend the opening session of the Parliament. The letter was shown to the members of the government and the buildings were searched.
4. The plotters attempted to blow up the King in the House of Parliament.

Exercise 3 Page 80

• Death penalty: accuse that imposed to kill a person for strong crimes.
• Sheltering: place where people can hide from someone is searching them.
• Plotters: people who organise something illegal against someone.
• Gunpowder: powder use in guns to gun.
• Fuse: thing that you use to blow up something.
• Smuggling: illegal commerce of something.

 

Exercise 4 page 130

1)      Charles I succeeded his father James I.

2)      He couldn’t avoid direct confrontation with the Puritan party, which had given rise to a social and political movement holding a considerable majority in Parliament.

3)      The Puritans were more extreme Protestants. They wanted to purify their national Church by eliminating every trace of Catholic influence.

4)      In 1642 the king was asked to give up his command of the armed forces; he refused and the Civil War broke out.

5)      The forces were divided into Royalists and Parliamentarians, led by Oliver Cromwell. The first part was composed by the lords, the gentry and officials of the Church of England; the second part was composed by London, the ports, the navy, the new gentry and landowners, artisans and Puritans.

6)      Cromwell took control of London and the king was taken prisoner in 1647.

Pag.131 es. 5

1)      Turned

2)      As

3)      Gave

4)      Crowned

5)      Few

6)      Had

7)      Managed

8)      Although

 

Exercise 1 page 144

Method means a procedure, technique or a set of rules employed in an activity or to approach the problems of truth and knowledge.

Exercise 2 page 144

1) and

2) be

3) which

4) which

5) be

6) like

7) be

8) from

Exercise 3 page 144

1) There are two kinds of approaches to study phenomena. The first is the deductive method and the second is the experimental method.

2) The scientific method is the study of the physical world by sensory observation and experiment.

3) The experimental method goes further than the scientific method because it moves from the particular to the universal.

Exercise 8 page 145

The most widely influential change in 17th and 18th century Europe They implied was the so-called 'scientific revolution'. (1)E They implied systematic doubt, empirical and sensory verification, the division of human knowledge into separate sciences and the view that the world works like a machine. There were three sides in the debate concerning the proper They used little mathematics and scientific method. (2)H They used little mathematics and few experiments but tried to build their system by logical arguments starting from a few basic premises. (3) A A second school, led by the English philosopher Francis Bacon (1561—1626), favoured the inductive method. He argued that the scientist should collect all the data possible through experimentation and observation. (4) G The mathematical, deductive approach was the third system advocated at that time. The mechanical universe in all its glory would emerge from Isaac Newton's (1642—1727) work The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1687). The fundamental arguments of the book were the following: the universe could be explained completely through the use of mathematics. (5)B The universe operated in a completely rational and predictable way, it was, then, mechanistic. Religion or theology were no longer needed to explain any physical phenomena of the universe; all the planets and other objects moved according to a physical attraction between them, that is, gravity. Newton based his view of the universe on the concept of Newton's mechanistic view of the universe inertia. (6) F would soon be applied to other phenomena as well. While Galileo trained his new optical device on the (7) D stars and discovered new worlds, another optical device was being used to discover equally immense worlds in drops of water: the microscope.