HOMEWORK pp. 299,300,303,304,307,324,331,332.

p. 299 “The Victorian Compromise”

es 4 p. 299 WORD FORMATION

stability (1), moralizers (2), duty (3), respectful (4), ownership (5), comfortable (6), charitable (7), drunken (8), patriarchal (9), prudish (10).

Es 3 p. 299

NOUN	ADJECTIVE
stability	Stable
Duty	Dutiful
Respectability	Respectable
Comfort	Comfortable
Charity	Charitable
Patriarchy	Patriarchal
Chastity	chaste
prudery	prudish

 

Es 5 p.299 ANSWER

1)      The Victorians felt forced to promote a strict code of values because they faced a large number of problems on such scale. They saw it as a solution or escape.

2)      The code was redefined by the upper and middle classes but it was of equal application to all strata of society.

3)      Respectability was a mixture of both morality and hypocrisy, severity and conformity to social standards. It distinguished the middle from the lower classes. Work was the main feature of every Victorian. Sexuality was repressed in both its public and private forms. Family was a patriarchal unit. Husband represented authority, while women educated the children and managed the house.

4)      The word “Compromise” applied to the Victorian Age stands for all the great contradictions that characterized the period taken into consideration. On the one hand, the Industrial Revolution brought scientific progress and social reforms, while on the other poverty and injustice. Thus, it can be said that the Industrial Revolution produced wealth but not well-being.

p. 300 “The Victorian Novel”

es 1 p. 300 ANSWER

1)      The communion of opinions and interests between writers and readers was mainly due to the growth of middle classes, who were avid consumers of literature.

2)      Lots of works were published in instalments in the pages of periodicals, which allowed the writer to feel he was in constant contact with his public.

3)      Novelists aimed at reflecting the social changer that had been in progress for a long time, such as the Industrial Revolution, the struggle for democracy and the growth of towns.

4)      They depicted society as they saw it: they were aware of the evils of the society and denounced them.

5)      Humanitarian novels (Charles Dickens) and psychological ones (Emily and Charlotte Bronte).

6)      The voice of the narrator distinguished right from wrong. The narration took place in a typical industrialized city. The plot is long and often complicated. Victorian writers concentrated on the creation of characters, achieving a deep analysis of their inner life. Retribution and punishment were found in the final chapter where the whole plot had to be explained and justificated.

 

PP.303,304 “Oliver wants some more”

Es 2 p. 304 READ

1)      The scene takes place in a workhouse.

2)      The boys can have one porringer of grull each. The biggest problem is that they are all hungry and they do not want to ask the master for other food.

3)      The main event of this passage is Oliver’s request for more food. (“Please Sir, I want some more”).

4)      The master became very pall because he can not believe on what he has just heard.

Es 3 p. 304 ANSWER

1)      The narrator is a third person, omniscient, intrusive one.

2)      The children are very hungry, especially Oliver Twist, who is afraid he may eat the boy who sleeps next to him if he does not receive “another basin of gruel per diem”. Thus, he chose to go to the master and ask for it. The last part of the passage describes the master and the board’s reaction to his surprising question.

3)      The description is very detailed thanks to the use of the grotesque and hyperbole.

4)      The narrator characterized the main characters and creates an absurd atmosphere. The dialogues are short and repetitive (e.g. “more) and they underline the incredulity of the situation.

5)      Boy’s world: fear, mystery, hunger; Master and board’s world: hypocrisy, wonder.

6)      Antithetical images: “long grace”, “short commons”, “fat and health”, “desperate with hunger and reckless with mystery”, “the assistant were paralyzed with wonder, the boys with fear”.

p. 307 “Victorian Education”

es 1 p.307 DISCUSS

1)      Learning can be excited id you do it with people that share the same interests as you of if you study something that passionate yourself.

Es 2 p.307 LOOK

1)      Distinction in education between male and female.

2)      Education in a poor Victorian school.

3)      Education of girls in a middle-class family.

4)      Differences in girls, education.

p. 324 “THE BRITISH EMPIRE”

es 1 p.324 EXPLAIN

1)      A queen rules a single country. An empiress rules different nations.

Es 2 p.324

1)      The man in front of the queen is black. The picture may suggest that the English empire is so extended that also far countries belong to it.

2)      This may symbolize the intention to impose or spread the English culture or religion among the country.

1. 329 “British Imperial Trading Routes”

1)      Britain develop its imperial extension thanks to her domination in the sea.

2)      The Gulf of Guinea, the Strait of Malacca, the city of Hong Kong and the Falkland Islands.

3)      Interests in the Mediterranean developed with the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, which allowed a shorter way to reach India.

4)      The development of British influence was helped by the acquisition of Cyprus, the military occupation of Egypt, and by the establishments of protectorates in Somalia and Aden.

 

p. 331 “Darwin VS God?”

es 3 GAPPED TEXT

1 - G

2 - C

3 – F

4 – A

5 - H

6 –E

7 - D

p. 332 “Man’s origin – Charles Darwin”

READ: Many people might not like Darwin’s thesis, because they do not accept the idea that man probably descend form “an heroic little monkey”, from a “baboon” or from a “savage”.

MAKE:

Clothes: naked and bedaubed;

Expression: wild, startled, distrustful;

Economy: lived with what they could catch;

Social organization: no government, merciless to everyone not belonging to their own small tribe.

WRITE:

Monkey: heroic animal that “braved his dreaded enemy in order to save the life of his keeper”;

Old baboon: carries away his comrade from a crowd of astonished dogs;

Savage: delights to torture his enemies, offers up bloody sacrifices, practices infanticide without remorse, treats his wives life slaves, knows no decency and is haunted by the grossest superstation.

READ:

1)      Man has risen the top of the organic scale because of all his good qualities.

2)      Awareness may give man hopes for a better future.

Only with human reason we can achieve truth, not with hopes of fears