Complete the following notes. They will give you an outline of the information contained in the passage. The main points, relations of cause-effect, illustrations etc. are clearly indicated in the text by logical connectors. Look out for them. 

 

• (par. 1) The Industrial Revolution is the transformation of the productive system that was before controlled by the mediaeval regulations and relationships between land owners and serfs, and that comes with technological and scientific improvements and competition between producers.

 

led to growth of two systems of thought:

 

1) Economic science                      2) Socialism

 

a)   Adam Smith

b)   Malthus

c)    Ricardo

d) John Stuart Mill

 

 

 • (par. 2-3) Facts of Industrial Revolution. 

1) Growth of population

2) Decline in the agricultural population

 

 

• (par. 4) Decrease in rural population.

causes:     1)   Destruction of the common-field system of cultivation

     2)   Enclosures of fields

     3)   Consolidation of large farms

• (par. 5) Agricultural advance.

cause — more scientific approach:

e.g.  

improvement of the breed of cattle

rotation of crops

invention of steam-plough

agricultural societies

• (par. 6-7) Growth of industry.

causes;

1) mechanical inventions in textile industry

e.g.  

spinning-jenny

water-frame

Crompton's mule

self-acting mule

most important:

steam engine

engine for a cotton-mill

 

2) mechanical revolution in iron industry

e.g.  

invention of smelting by pit-coal

Application of the steam-engine to blast furnaces

3) improved means of communication

e.g.  

developing of the canal system

improvement of roads

railroad

 

results:   1) regular recurrence of periods of over-production and of depression

     2) substitution of factory system for domestic system.

 

• (par. 8) Revolution in distribution of wealth:

rise in rents caused by

1) investment of money in improvements

2) enclosure system

3) consolidation of farms

4) high price of corn

social changes in country life:

• (par. 9) Social changes in manufacturing world:

consequences:

 1) social revolution

2) change in the balance of political power

3) class conflict.

• (par. 10) Misery of working people often caused by:

 

1) high prices

2) falling of wages

3) loss of common-rights

 

Conclusion: Wealth growth and technical/scientific improvement do not necessarily coincide with the well-being of the entire society.SGiannangeli - The Industrial revolution, Activities