THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Industrial Revolution Overview’s video: notes

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

• when: 200 years ago;
• consequence: changing in people’s lives;
• effects: human hands were substituted by machines;

                    : factories’ increasing;

                    : people’s lives conditioned by clocks:

                    : growth of population.

BEFORE THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

• when: 1700;
• people’s style of is different from todays’ one;
• 9/10 of people lived in the countryside;
• majority of poor lower class;
• farms produced their food;
• people used hands to products what they need;
• people’s lives not influenced by clocks;
• the world was quite -> no machines, no air pollution, no travel, people have to walk or use horses to move;
• no public educations -> people are not able to read and write;
• poor conditions of life: short existence.

TEXTILE MANUFACTURING BEFORE THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

• industrialisation -> tragic consequences;
• invention of “spinning wheel”, “ hand loom”;
• individual activities are substituted by factories;        
• home made workers replaced by machines.

REVOLUTION IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY

• when: 1700;
• invention of: spinning Jenny;

                           : water frame;

                           : spinning mule;

• the invention used the power of slowing water ( hydraulic power);
• new textile machines were efficient and increased the production;
• invention of power loom;
• invention of the mechanism of flying shuttle;
• England 1811: Luddites are scared and angry because they have lost their jobs.

FACTORIES AND GROWTH OF INDUSTRIAL CITIES

• when: 1700/1800;
• factories on river: places where people work using machines -> it changes society’s life;
• building of workers’ houses;
• new job’s conditions: people have to follow rules and to respect machines’ time;
• People have to support terrible life’s conditions, they were not well-payed.

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION COMES TO AMERICA

1)   industrial espionage / industrial spying: they try to imitate English secret system of work;

      1780 = first case Samuel Slater knew every details to build English machines;

               = he built a factory where, in 19th century, 100 workers laboring here;

2)  1814 = second case of espionage;

              = English power looms were copied by the U.S.

THE COTTON GIN

First mechanical speeding in America copied from English machines: cotton gin invented by Eli Whitney;

• it revolutionized the textile industry; 
• it produced fibers;
• increasing of cotton production;
• increasing of slaves machines;
• Increasing of the economy of United States.

INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS

1. before the I.R -> people have to product the interchangeable parts by hands, when something break up;
2. during the I.R -> more people work on a same machines to product interchangeable parts in less time possible.

NEW ENGLAND’S INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

• agricolture economy;

1. rivers provided excellent sources of water power;
2. it was easier to shift to an economy based on manufacturing;
3. New England had fine seaports -> used to bringing raw materials and exports finishing products;
4. there were people in England with large sums of money who wanted to invest in factories.

FACTORY WORK

• England: employment of young children payed almost nothing;
• America: employment of unmarried women between 18 and 30 years old;
• work conditions: not good, absence of security;
• employment of mill-girls -> her life controlled by their superior;
• barding houses for mill-girls which were super visioned.

STEAM POWER

• more efficient than water’s power;
• used for trains -> people could travel long distance in short time;
• used for machines -> increasing of food production,
• starting of smog and air pollution -> environmental damaged.

1800 - 1900:

• almost every European countries are industrialized;
• rapid changes in the economy, in people’s life..;
• people moved from rural center to cities;
• invention of the electric engine -> illumination;
• public schools;
• recording and listening to music;
• invention of: cinema, telephones, cars, airplanes -> technological changes.

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