The Vitruvian man is a pen and ink drawing on paper by Leonardo da Vinci. The very famous representation of the ideal proportions of the human body demonstrates how it can be harmoniously inscribed in the two "perfect" figures of the circle, which represents Heaven (the divine perfection) and of the square, which symbolizes the Earth.

The drawing illustrates the proportions of the human body in a geometric form and is accompanied by two texts, at the top and at the bottom of the page, inspired by a passage from Vitruvius.
This image demonstrates the blend of mathematics and art during the Renaissanceand demonstrates Leonardo's deep understanding of proportion. In addition, this picture represents a cornerstone of Leonardo's attempts to relate man to nature. 

The drawing is a clear homage of the artist to classical thought and a sort of affirmation of the scientific nature of painting, understood as an understanding of "phenomenal" reality. In fact, Leonardo wanted to provide a mathematically measurable basis for artistic representation, which is why the written part expands on the proportions of the individual parts, starting from the base dimension of the height centered on the navel. Imagining a man lying on his back and pointing a compass in his navel, Leonardo describes a circle that touches the tips of the hands and the spread feet.