Activities

Complete the following notes. They will give you an outline of the information contained in the passage. The main points, relations of cause-effect, illustrations etc. are clearly indicated in the text by logical connectors. Look out for them.

•The Industrial Revolution is the substitution of competition for the mediaeval regulations which had previously controlled the production and distribution of wealth. On this account it is not only one of the most important facts of English history led to growth of two systems of thought:

1) Economic science2) Socialism

• Facts of Industrial Revolution.

• (par. 4) Decrease in rural population.

causes:1)the destruction of the common-field system

2)the enclosure of common and waste land

3)the consolidation of small farms into large

• (par. 5) Agricultural advance.

cause — more scientific approach:

e.g.

the breed of cattle was improved

rotation of crops was generally introduced

the steam-plough was invented

agricultural societies

• (par. 6-7) Growth of industry.

causes;

1) mechanical inventions in textile industry

e.g.

the spinning-jenny by Hargreaves

the water-frame, invented by Arkwright

Mule by Crompton

he self-acting mule first invented by Kelly

most important:

steam engine

patent expired

2) mechanical revolution in iron industry

e.g.

smelting by pit-coal

steam-engine to blast furnaces

3) improved means of communication

e.g.

The canal system

miles of turnpike road

railroad

results:1) increase in commerce

2) substitution of factory system for domestic system.

• (par. 8) Revolution in distribution of wealth:

rise in rents caused by

1)increase in commerce

2)substitution of factory system for domestic system.

3) money invested in improvements

4) high price of corn

social changes in country life:

•(par.9) Social changes in manufacturing world

consequences:

1)the old relations between master and man disappeared

2)human tie was substituted to cash nexus

3) class conflict.

• (par. 10) Misery of working people often caused by:

1)fall of wages

2)rise of prices

3)fluctuation of trade

Conclusion: The effects of Industrial Revolution prove that free competition may produce wealth without producing well-being