EX. 1 PAGE 395

1) BEER ISN'T DRUNK BY MICHAEL.

2) YOURS SUMMER HOLIDAYS ARE ARLEADY BEEN BOOKED.

3) SOME TEXT HAVE BEEN SENT TWO YEARS AGO.

4) WHEN I ARRIVED, THE MIRROR WAS ALREDY BROKEN.

5) VEGETABLES ARE GREW BY FARMERS.

6) DON'T WORRY. HE WILL BE CALLED.

7) A GHOSTS IS JUST BEEN SEEN IN THE CASTLE.

8) MORE THAN 30 PLAYS HAVE BEEN WRITTEN BY SHAKESPEARE.

EX. 2 PAGE 39

HOW PERFUME MADE

FOR THE FIRST STEP, NATURAL INGREDIENTS SUCH AS A FLOWERS, FRUIT AND WOOD ARE HARVESTED FROM AROUND THE WORLD. ALCOHOL, PETROCHEMICALS AND OTHER CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES ARE ALSO USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PERFUMES. NOT EVERY PLANT CONTAIN ESSENTIALS OIL; OILS AREN'T PRODUCED NATURALLY BY, FOR EXAMPLE, LILY OF THE VALLEY FLOWERS. IN THE NEXT STEP , THE OIL IS EXTRACTED. THIS IS DID IMMEDIATELY AFTER PICKING. SOLVENT EXTRACTION IS A COMMON METHOD. TO EXTRACT OIL FROM ROSES, LAYERS OF PETALS ARE PLACED ON A METAL-LAYERED DRUM. THE FLOWERS ARE THEN IMMERSED IN A SOLVENT. THE RESULT OF THIS PROCESS IS A WAXY MATERIAL THAT CONTAIS THE OIL, WHICH IS WASHED IN ETHYL ALCOHOL. THE OIL IS DISSOLVED IN THE ALCOHOL AND RISES. OTHER EXTRACTION METHODS INCLUDE STEAM DISTILLATION, ENFLEURAGE AND MACERATION. A HUGE NUMBER OF PLANTS NEDED TO GET A SMALL AMOUNT OF ESSENTIAL OIL. APPROXIMATELY 200,000 ROSE FLOWERS, THAT IS 400 KILOGRAMS OF FLOWERS ARE REQUIERED TO MAHE 600 GRAMS OF ESSENTIAL OIL. ONCE THE ESSENTIAL OIL IS READY, IT IS BLENDED TOGHETHER ACCORDING TO A CERTAIN FORMULA AND THEN IT IS MIXED WITH ALCHOL. IT MAY TAKE AS MANY AS 800 DIFFERENT INGREDIENTS AND SEVERAL YEARS TO DEVELOP THE SPECIAL FORMULA FOR A SCENT. IN THE LAST STEP OF THE PROCESS, THE PERFUME IS AGED FOR SEVERAL MONTHS OR EVEN YEARS AFTER IT IS BLENDED.

EX. 4 PAGE 395

WE GOT THERE LATE AND THE BIRTHDAY CAKE HAD ARLEADY  BEEN SERVED.

IS THERE ANYBODY HERE WHO KNOWS WHEN THE TOWER OF LONDON WAS BUILT.

SOME OF THESE PAINTINGS HAS BEEN LANDED BY A PRIVATE COLLECTOR.

IF IT STOPS SNOWING TOMORROW, THE ROADS WILL BE PARKED.

THE TICKET THAT WON THE FIRST PRIZE IN THE LOTTERY WAS BOUGHT LAST WEEK NEAR ROME.

YESTERDAY THE ALARM OF A CAR THAT  HAD BEEN PARKED NEAR OURS RANG FOR MORE THAN TWO HOURS!

EX. 5 PAGE 395

1) THE CAR ISN'T WASHED BY DAVID EVERY SATURDAY. IS THE CAR WASHED BY DAVID EVERY SATURDAY?

2) THE FILM HASN'T BEEN SEEN BY LOTS OF TEENAGERS. HAS THE FILM BEEN SEEN BY LOTS OF TEENAGERS?

3) THE CHILDREN WEREN'T HELPED BY AN ELDERLY LADY. WERE THE CHILDREN HELPED BY AN ELDERLY LADY?

4) THAT BRIDGE HADN'T BEEN BUILT JUST THE YEAR BEFORE. HAD THAT BRIDGE BEEN BUILT JUST THE YEAR BEFORE?

5) A GHOST HASN'T BEEN SEEN HERE. HAS A GHOST BEEN SEEN HERE?

6) THE MEETING WON'T BE PUT OFF.  WILL THE MEETING BE PUT OFF?