In Victorian age fiction is very important because victorian writers could not say openly what they thought. Fuction is used to better criticize society of time,  people are too bad or too good. There is a critcism towards  explotation of children and towards the bad contidion of life. Also utilitarian philosophy is criticized.

The reading public of Victorian fiction is middle class in particular lower middle class.

Novels were published in instalments because they were anxiously awaited .

Victorian novels talks usually about middle class family life, but also the contrasts between rich and poor, corruption and explotation of labour.

Industrial Revolution creates some social changes that are analyzed in Victorian novel,  there are new social classes in contraposition, towns are industrial towns with industrial envirorment. Dickens uses stylistic choices like exaggeration and grotesque.

Pathos works on emotional level, it provides a partial identification with subject. Pathos represents humanitarianism, the good side of people.

Grotesque represent the underworld , the world of sin, it cause laughter to reader, who do not identify himself with grotesque subjects.

Philantropy is an alibi because grotesque characters use it to hide their wrong actions, and to purify their consciences.

Victorian novel plays a fundamental role on legislators and opinion-formers becausein this novel there is a mixing of documentary and romance, talks about social disages.