Answers: 

1) Fiction is so important during the Victorian Age because this literary genre treated about the main issues of the society of the time such as democracy, growth of towns and industrial civilization. The novel had also a moralistic purpose, and this accounts the presence of an happy ending where good triumphs over evil. Furthermore the fiction criticizes and denounces the contraddictions of the bourgeois. Finally, fiction became a central topic of conversation and an object of mass consumption.

2) The ideal reading public of the Victorian novel was the (lower) middle class.

3) Novels were published in installments to create couriosity and expectation in the readers and also to give them the possibility to reflect and discuss about each chapter during the wait.

4) The main content of the Victorian novel was the relationship between a virtuous subject as an individual and a group of society. Through the bad and good side of this relationship, the writer criticizes and analyzes the middle class family life and the aspects of society as education and social services but also the effects of the Industrial Revolution during the Victorian Age.

5) Class was one of the most important topics of the novel because during the Victorian Age many social changes were going on. Because of the Industrial Revolution, a new social class, the working class, came to life. New problems between the lower classes and the higher ones rose. For example, there was an enormous difference in rights, in services and in lifestyle between the classes. Moreover, during the Victorian Age the main aim was to climb the social ladder to reach a better condition and social position.

6) The most important stylistic choises in Dicken's fiction were the juxtaposition of sad and comic details also in describig tragic aspects of real life; the use of language of sense impression; the use of metaphors, similies and alliterations; the repetiotion of words and concepts to ridicule what he wanted to criticize; the hyperbolic use of language and the exaggeration; the use of parody to give less importance to the characters (who become caricatures) or to the situations described.

7) In writing, pathos is the power to produce feelings of sadness and sympathy in the reader who is able to identify himself with the pathetic subjects. Pathos also let the reader consider himself superior to the pathetic characters.

Pathos is created trhough the use of weak characters, virtuos, defenceless, persecuted and innocent victims of the injustice and corruption of the villains.

8) The grotesque is a technique used by the writers to create weird characters, deforming their shape and distorting their forms with the aim of ridicule and riduce their importance and credibility. It is created through the use of irony and caricature.

9) People who owned to the upper middle classes felt guilty tawords the poors because of their way of treating the working class and because of the big difference in lifestyle between them since thanks to Industrial Revolution the riches had acquired wealth while the poors were exploitated and subjected to unhuman conditions.

Helping the poors and those in need by giving money or by creating social institutions was an alibi for rich people to clean their bad conscience.

10) The Victorian novel played a fondamental role on legislators and opinion-formers because it analized and reflected about the crisis spreaded in all the institutions of the cities.

11) In Victorian fiction the characterization is built up through stylistic choises as parody, grotesque and caricature. The characters of the Victorian novel are peculiar, vital and stricking. They are shown mainly through their actions, behaviours and fisical description.

12) Caricature is used exaggerating some of the character features. Its aim is to make him seem ridiculous and to decrease his importance, cerating a critic. Caricature also prevents the reader to recognize himself in the criticized subject and makes the critic be indirectly.

13) The Victorian novel mainly reproduces the contraddictions of the middle class because it is a mirror of the contraddiztory behaviour of the riches. They supported the values of the Victorian Age as the faith in God, philantropy, duty and humanitarianism but the forms of public charity they offered such as workhouses, rookeries and other institutions were often places where poors lived in bad conditions and  were treated as if poverty was a crime.

14) In contemporary culture television serials are very much similar to the Victorian production because of their division in different chapter, awaited by the public.

15) Facts is a key-word in Dicken's production since the novelist analizes and describes the principles and results of the Utilitarian philosophy which was the most popular during the Victorian Age.

According to Utilitarianism, everything had to be useful, workful and to produce utility. This implyed a very concrete and material view of reality and life.