Complete the following notes. They will give you an outline of the information contained in the passage. The main points, relations of cause-effect, illustrations etc. are clearly indicated in the text by logical connectors. Look out for them.

• (par. 1) The Industrial Revolution brought radical changes in England and in western world in 19th Century. The aim was to substitute medieval regulation of production and distribution of wealth.
led to growth of two systems of thought:

1) Economic science 2) Socialism

a) Adam Smith
b)Malthus
c)Ricardo
d) John Stuart Mill


• (par. 2-3) Facts of Industrial Revolution.
1)growth of population
2)decline in the agricultural population


• (par. 4) Decrease in rural population.
causes: 1) the destruction of the common-field system of cultivation
2) the enclosure
3) the consolidation of small farms into large

• (par. 5) Agricultural advance.
cause - more scientific approach:
e.g.
breed of cattle
rotation of crops
steam-plough
agricultural societies

• (par. 6-7) Growth of industry.
causes;
1) mechanical inventions in textile industry
e.g.
Spinning-jenny
Water-frame
Crompton's mule
Self-acting mule
most important:
steam engine
Power-loom

2) mechanical revolution in iron industry
e.g.
Invention of smelting by pit-coal
Application in 1788 of the steam-engine to blast furnaces
3) improved means of communication
e.g.
Canal system
Turnpike road
railroad

results: 1) extraordinary increase in commerce
2) substitution of factory system for domestic system.

• (par. 8) Revolution in distribution of wealth:
rise in rents caused by
1) Money invested in improvements
2) Enclosure system
3) Consolidation of farms
4) high price of corn
social changes in country life:
-change in the balance of political power and in the relative position of classes: the farmers shared in the prosperity of the landlords, many of them made large profits by their farm. What's more they ceased to work and live with their labourers, and became a distinct class.

•(par.9)Social changes in manufacturing world:
-The new class of great capitalist employers made enormous fortunes
- they took little or no part personally in the work of their factories
-their hundreds of workmen were unknown to them; and as a consequence

consequences:
1) the old relations between masters and men disappeared
2) a "cash nexus" was substituted for the human tie
3) class conflict.

• (par. 10) Misery of working people often caused by:

1) fall in wages
2) the rise of prices, especially from bread
3) sudden fluctuations of trade

Conclusion: The industrial revolution brought wealth, thanks to free competition but it did not produce well-being