Textuality » 4A Interacting

The Industrial Revolution
by GTrevisan - (2011-05-26)
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Complete the following notes. They will give you an outline of the information contained in the passage. The main points, relations of cause-effect, illustrations etc. are clearly indicated in the text by logical connectors. Look out for them. 

 

  (par. 1) The Industrial Revolution led to growth of two systems of thought:

 

1) Economic science                      2) socialism

a)Adam Smith

b)Malthus

c)Ricardo

d) John Stuart Mill           

 

 

 • (par. 2-3) Facts of Industrial Revolution. 

1)the growth of population

2)the relative and positive decline in the agricultural population

 

 

• (par. 4) Decrease in rural population.

causes:    

 1)   the destruction of the common-field system of cultivation   

2)    enclosure, on a large scale, of common and waste lands   

3)   consolidation of small farms into large

• (par. 5) Agricultural advance.

cause - more scientific approach:

e.g.  

Breed of cattle

 

Rotation of crops

Steam-plough

agricultural societies

• (par. 6-7) Growth of industry.

causes;

1) mechanical inventions in textile industry

e.g.  

the spinning-jenny

the water-frame

Crompton's mule

Self-acting mule

most important:

steam engine

power-loom

 

2) mechanical revolution in iron industry

e.g.  

the application in 1788 of the steam-engine to blast furnaces

the invention of smelting by pit-coal

3) improved means of communication

e.g.  

turnpike road

 

canal system

 

railroad

 

results:   1) extraordinary increase in commerce

     2) substitution of factory system for domestic system.

 

• (par. 8) Revolution in distribution of wealth:

rise in rents caused by

1)enclosure system

2)consolidation of farms

3)money invested in improvements

4) high price of corn

social changes in country life:

• (par. 9) Social changes in manufacturing world

consequences:

 1)  the old relations between masters and men disappeared,

2)  a "cash nexus" was substituted for the human tie.

3) class conflict.

• (par. 10) Misery of working people often caused by:

 

1)the conditions of labour under the factory system

2)the rise of prices

3)sudden fluctuations of trade