Textuality » 4A Interacting
Complete the following notes. They will give you an outline of the information contained in the passage. The main points, relations of cause-effect, illustrations etc. are clearly indicated in the text by logical connectors. Look out for them.
• (par. 1) The Industrial Revolution led to growth of two systems of thought:
1) Economic science 2) socialism
a)Adam Smith |
b)Malthus |
c)Ricardo |
d) John Stuart Mill |
• (par. 2-3) Facts of Industrial Revolution.
1)the growth of population |
2)the relative and positive decline in the agricultural population |
• (par. 4) Decrease in rural population.
causes:
1) the destruction of the common-field system of cultivation
2) enclosure, on a large scale, of common and waste lands
3) consolidation of small farms into large
• (par. 5) Agricultural advance.
cause - more scientific approach:
e.g.
Breed of cattle
|
Rotation of crops |
Steam-plough |
agricultural societies |
• (par. 6-7) Growth of industry.
causes;
1) mechanical inventions in textile industry
e.g.
the spinning-jenny |
the water-frame |
Crompton's mule |
Self-acting mule |
most important:
steam engine |
power-loom |
2) mechanical revolution in iron industry
e.g.
the application in 1788 of the steam-engine to blast furnaces |
the invention of smelting by pit-coal |
3) improved means of communication
e.g.
turnpike road
|
canal system
|
railroad |
results: 1) extraordinary increase in commerce
2) substitution of factory system for domestic system.
• (par. 8) Revolution in distribution of wealth:
rise in rents caused by
1)enclosure system |
2)consolidation of farms |
3)money invested in improvements |
4) high price of corn |
social changes in country life:
• (par. 9) Social changes in manufacturing world
consequences:
1) the old relations between masters and men disappeared,
2) a "cash nexus" was substituted for the human tie.
3) class conflict.
• (par. 10) Misery of working people often caused by:
1)the conditions of labour under the factory system |
2)the rise of prices |
3)sudden fluctuations of trade |