Textuality » 4A Interacting
Complete the following notes. They will give you an outline of the information contained in the passage. The main points, relations of cause-effect, illustrations etc. are clearly indicated in the text by logical connectors. Look out for them.
(par. 1) The Industrial Revolution is radical changes in nineteenth century England and the western world. It caused the substitution of competition for the mediaeval regulation which had previously controlled the production and distribution of wealth
led to growth of two systems of thought:
1) Economic science 2) Socialism
a) Adam Smith |
b) Malthus |
c) Ricardo |
d) John Stuart Mill |
• (par. 2-3) Facts of Industrial Revolution.
1) growth of population |
2) relative and positive decline in the agricoltural population |
- (par. 4) Decrease in rural population.
Causes: 1) destruction of the common-field system of cultivation
2) enclosure, on a large scale, of common and waste lands
3) consolidation of small farms into large
- (par. 5) Agricultural advance.
cause - more scientific approach:
e.g.
Breed of cattle improved |
Rotation of crops |
Steam-plough |
agricultural societies |
- (par. 6-7) Growth of industry.
causes;
1) mechanical inventions in textile industry
e.g.
spinning-jenny |
water-frame |
Crompton's mule |
Self-acting mule |
most important:
steam engine |
power-loom |
2) mechanical revolution in iron industry
e.g.
Invention of smelting by pit-coal |
Application of the steam-engine to blast furnaces |
3) improved means of communication
e.g.
water-way |
Turnpike road |
railroad |
results: 1) change from independence to dependence , increase in commerce
2) substitution of factory system for domestic system.
- (par. 8) Revolution in distribution of wealth:
rise in rents caused by
1) money invested in improvements |
2) enclosure system |
3) consolidation of farms |
4) high price of corn |
social changes in country life:
- (par. 9) Social changes in manufacturing world:
consequences:
1) high prices
2) disappearance of old relations between masters and men
3) class conflict.
- (par. 10) Misery of working people often caused by:
1) conditions of labour under the factory system |
2) recurrent periods of bitter distress |
3) fluctuation of trade |