Activity

 (par. 1) The essence of the Industrial Revolution

It led to the growth of two systems of thought:

1) Economic science                      2) Socialism

a) Adam Smith

b) Malthus

c) Ricardo

d) John Stuart Mill           

 • (par. 2-3) Facts of Industrial Revolution. 

1) Growth of population

2) Decline in the agricultural population

• (par. 4) Decrease in rural population.

causes:     1)  Destruction of the common-field system of cultivation

     2)   Enclosure of common and waste lands

     3)   Consolidation of small farms into large

• (par. 5) Agricultural advance.

cause - more scientific approach:

e.g.  

 - rotation of crops

 -  good farm buildings

 - extensions of arable cultivations

- agricultural societies

• (par. 6-7) Growth of industry.

causes;

1) mechanical inventions in textile industry

e.g.  

 - spinning-jenny

 - water-frame

 - Crompton's mule

 - self-acting mule

most important:

- steam engine

- power-loom

2) mechanical revolution in iron industry

e.g.  

 - smelting pit-coal

 - application of steam engine to blast furnaces

3) improved means of communication

e.g.  

 - canal system

 - improvement of roads

 - railroad

results:   1)  increase in commerce

     2) substitution of factory system for domestic system.

• (par. 8) Revolution in distribution of wealth:

rise in rents caused by

1) money invested in improvements

2) enclosure system

3) consolidation of farms

4) high price of corn

social changes in country life:

• (par. 9) Social changes in manufacturing world: 

consequences:

1)  change in landlords' habits

2) high prices

3) class conflict.

• (par. 10) Misery of working people often caused by:

1) conditions of labour

2) rise of prices

3) sudden fluctuations of trade

Conclusion:

The Industrial Revolution produced wealth but decreased the population's welfare.

Summary

The Industrial Revolution brought radical changes in nineteenth century England.

It led to the growth of two systems of thought: Economic Science, with men like Adam Smith, Malthus, Ricardo and John Stuart Mill and Socialism.

This historical event brought to the growth of population and the decrease of rural population due to the destruction of the common-field system of cultivation, the enclosure of common and waste lands and the consolidation of small farms into large ones. A big part in this Revolution is played by an agricultural advance made possible by new scientific approaches such as the rotation of crops, the good farm buildings, the extension of arable cultivations and the born of agricultural societies.

The growth of industry came with new mechanical inventions in the textile (spinning jenny, water-frame, self-acting mule, steam engine, power-loom), new revolutions in iron industry such as the smelting of pit-coal and the application of steam engine to blast furnaces. This led to an improvement in the means of communication with the development of the canal system, a better road network and the building of the railroad, giving to England a rich increase in commerce.

This whole thing caused a rise in rents due to the money invested in improvements, the enclosure system, the consolidation of farms and the high price of the corn, which led in a class conflict between labourers and landlords that brought misery all over the country.

So, even if the Industrial Revolution brought a large amount of wealth in England, it didn't produce well-being, throwing the people into a terrbile situation to live in.