Activities

Complete the following notes. They will give you an outline of the information contained in the passage. The main points, relations of cause-effect, illustrations etc. are clearly indicated in the text by logical connectors. Look out for them. 

•  (par. 1) The Industrial Revolution .brought radical changes in 19th

century in England and in the western world .........................................................................................................................................................................................……………………………………………………………………………………..……………………….

led to growth of two systems of thought:

1) Economic science                      2) Socialism

....................................................................................... 

 • (par. 2-3) Facts of Industrial Revolution. 

• (par. 4) Decrease in rural population.

causes:     1)  ..... the destruction of the common-field system of cultivation

................................................................................................................

     2)   ........ the enclosure, on a large scale, of common and waste lands

........................................................................................................

     3)   ...... and the consolidation of small farms into large

.......................................................................................................

• (par. 5) Agricultural advance.

cause — more scientific approach:

e.g.  

• (par. 6-7) Growth of industry.

causes;

1) mechanical inventions in textile industry

e.g.  

most important:

2) mechanical revolution in iron industry

e.g.  

3) improved means of communication

e.g.  

results:   1)  .......extraordinary increase in trade

..................................................................................................................

     2) substitution of factory system for domestic system.

• (par. 8) Revolution in distribution of wealth:

rise in rents caused by

social changes in country life:

• (par. 9) Social changes in manufacturing world: in the population there  is a distinct separation,  no longer characterized by a middle class but by rich and poor and that is why  social changes happen …………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

consequences:

 1)  ……change in their habits …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2)  alienation between farmer and labourer may be dated  ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

3) class conflict.

• (par. 10) Misery of working people often caused by:

Conclusion:

 The extract of Arnold Toynbee “ The Chief Features of Industrial Revolution”  deals with the elements regarding industrial revolution in Great Britain. Industrial Revolution is a long process which transforms systems of production. There was two difference attitudes to economy: Economic Science and Socialism. They develop  seminal books, on one side produces new books, to another side deals about systems of production. During I.R. a lot of people coming to towns from countries. More over G.B. advance in the agriculture because new scientific discovers were made and machinery ( many machines ) were applied to agriculture. Another big discover was the steel engine and also there was a mechanical revolution. This information is about the substitution of competition for the medieval regulations which had calculated previously controlled the production and the production of wealth distribution the revolution was possible in that period, showing the growth of the manufacturing industries and the agrarian revolution. The way of transport make fast. This factors explain for the substitution of the factories system of production for the previous domestic system. Production was based in domestic system later on. The I.R brought social changes.