Learning Paths » 5B Interacting
"Eveline" is the fourth chapter of Dubliners, by Joyce, published in 1914 and it consists of fifteen short stories. The story can be divided into two sections: in the first Eveline, sitting at the window, remembers the past of her family as well as their present situation. In this part she is still at home waiting for the time to leave to Buenos Aires with her lover Frank, a sailor. In the second part she, all of sudden, panics and she understands she can't follow him to Buenos Aires. Analyzing deeply the first part, it is possible to say that it is set in Eveline's family's house, in the evening. The room is not described in detail but it is rather sketched with focus on the objects which arise in Eveline memories from the past. Looking out of the window, she sees a man passing by, and she remembers when, next to her house, there was a field where she used to play with the other children from the neighborhood. During this flashback, the reader comes to know that her father played a patriarchal role in Eveline's family and that he used to be violent to her mother and her brother. When she looks at the familiar objects inside the room ( a photograph, the broken harmonium, the color print of the promises to Blesses Margaret Mary Alocoque ), there is a common characteristic: they are all dusty. Her train of thoughts moves on to her job and she realizes she won't miss it nor she will miss her superior. She remembers how she met Frank, a sailor, and how they started to date, and above all her father's prohibition to see him. At this point she hears the sound of an organ coming from the street, which reminds her of her mother's last day of life, when she made Eveline promise to take care of the family. All of sudden she understands she needs to go away with Frank, if she doesn't want to share her mother's fate of craziness. So it is possible to say that Frank represents salvation for her. In the second part Eveline is at the harbor, surrounded by a crowd of people ready to take the boat. She understands that the relationship with Frank will suffocate her, and that her affection for her family and her town is stronger than her feelings for Frank. For this reason she decides not to follow him, and in the very last part the sense of paralysis is dominant. There is a third person narrator and the point of view is internal, because we see the events through Eveline's eyes. The technique used is that of the stream of consciousness which gives the reader an insight into Eveline's thoughts. As far as the character is concerned, she is not introduced in a traditional way. Indeed she is not described from the outside, in an objective way, but rather from the inside through her train of thoughts. Most of the story takes place in Eveline's mind where her thoughts are not arranged in chronological order, but they wonder from past ( for example when she remembers about her mother ), to present ( when she thinks of her everyday life with her father and younger brothers ) and future ( her expectations related to the life with Frank in Buenos Aires ). But the most sticking characteristic of Eveline is the sense of paralysis, that is her inability to emerge from her present condition, as we can desume from the simile "passive, like a helpless animal!. In this short story the access to the character's consciousness is provided by Joyce through the technique off epiphany, that is the sudden revelation of a hidden reality through casual words or events. For example, the music coming from a street-organ reminds her of the very night when her mother died and when she heard that same music. So she also remembers the promise made to her mother to keep the family together and so she feels suffocating. Her sudden reaction is to fly away, to escape. Indeed the memories of her mother's miserable life push her to take the decision to go away, even if in the end she gets to a failure because she can't take the boat. Her state of mind is a conflict between love and desire for freedom on one side and duty and familiar boredom on the other.