Modernism developed from 1890 and it marked a break with the past; indeed there was a reaction to traditional values and standards. The reactional movement was caused by new thoeries. The new theories focused on the irrational of human beings. So K. Jung, S. Freud and also H. Bergson influenced modernist poets and writers. T.S Eliot and J. Joyce were among them. Indeed they believed literature had to hel people to discover themselves. Theit works show reality in an impersonal way and people had to give them their personal interpretation and meanings according to their personal experience. Every text evoked different sensations and thoughts as in Impressionist paintings.

Modernist texts showed reality according to the different perspectives, that is to say the characters' point of view. For example in "The Dubliners" (1914), J. Joyce wrote 15 different and independent stories; everyone is written in the third person and usually the writer showed the protagonist's perspective. In the 15th chapter, that is to say "The Dead", J. Joyce makes the reader informed on the protagonist's description of situation, thoughts and feelings and the narrator is never instrusive. In another story Eveline described her love situation and her feelings and thoughts, which prevented her to live her family.

The Dubliners show the reality of Dublin in all its aspects. Every scene is described from a different point of view also according to the protagonist's age. The reader is asked to give his/her judgment, for example Eveline can cause reader's empathy or incomprehension.

People can note the way psycologists influenced art features. The discovering of uncoscious part of the mind presses the writer to make the reader able to reflect on her/his memories and to discover the subterrean forces and thoughts, which are present in everyone. As a result the 19th century some people began to be interested in anthropological research. Froser follows K. Jung's theory and argued people's surface is used by hidden forces, which make people do something without understanding why.

The meaning of art is in art itself and artist started to prefer form, style and color to reach their objectives.