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FChiesa - Analysis of Penelope
by FChiesa - (2013-03-30)
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Penelope is an extract taken from the last part of Ulysses, a Joyce’s work. Ulysses is a modernist epic that deals with the events of one day in Dublin. In this work we can find the movements and the actions of the main characters that are Sthephan Daedalus, a young man with literary ambitions, Leopold Bloom, a Jewish advertising agent, and his wife Molly Bloom. The extract called Penelope refers to Molly’s monologue. It belongs to the part three of the structure called nostos (ritorni). At first looking at the text, the reader notes the absence of paragraphs, the absence of division into sections and the absence of punctuation. In fact Penelope is a monologue, so Joyce uses the stream of consciousness: Molly’s thoughts are presented to the reader as they crop up in the character’s mind. In the first part, Molly’s thoughts shift from the present: she makes some considerations about time (getting up in China, nuns ringing the Angelus, the alarm clock next door). So she tries to imagine what is happening in other parts of the world in that moment. Besides, in the first part of the monologue, Molly explains her purpose to adorn the house for Steven’s visit: all this regards the possible future actions. After this digression, she returns to focus her attention to the present: she makes considerations about the price of some icons, she appreciates nature and she moves a critique to the atheists. In the central part of the text, the reader can find Molly’s description about her past youth in Gibraltar, such as her husband’s declaration of love. Concerning her husband, she provides to create some considerations and opinions about him. Concerning Gibraltar, its exotic atmosphere is recreated describing the different races of that place and describing the detail of the landscape and costumes (the Spanish girl in their shoes, the Greek and Jews and the Arabs, those handsome Moors). In particular the reader can convey that Joyce uses the language of sense impression (smell, touch, sight, hearing and taste). Besides the whole episode is made up by thoughts and sensations that follow one another in Molly’s mind. This association of different thought is created by similar sounds and similar words. The text starts and ends with the same word: yes. So Molly’s thoughts flow as in a circle. The main character of the extract is Molly. In her thoughts all men she has known become only one man (her father and her husband merge indistinctly into the “he” of her monologue). The technique adopted by Joyce to convey Molly’s thoughts is one of the most complete experiments in the novel of the stream of consciousness. It attempts to represent the natural, disordered sequence of thoughts and feelings of the character, without any censorship or rational control. In this final part of the monologue, Molly represents the summary of all the women in the novel, she stands for the essence of female nature. The expression of her physical appearance means the absolute acceptance of human condition and Molly becomes the solution. The sense of frustrated quest of the character is the acceptance of the human physical nature of men.