Complete the following notes. They will give you an outline of the information contained in the passage. The main points, relations of cause-effect, illustrations etc. are clearly indicated in the text by logical connectors. Look out for them.

• (par. 1) The Industrial Revolution. The essence of it is the substitution of competitions for the mediaeval regulations which had controlled the production and distribution of wealth.
led to growth of two systems of thought:

1) Economic science 2) Socialism

a)Adam Smith
b)Thomas Robert Malthus
c)David Ricardo
d) John Stuart Mill

• (par. 2-3) Facts of Industrial Revolution.
1)Far greater rapidity in the growth of population
2)Relative and positive decline in the agricultural population

• (par. 4) Decrease in rural population.
causes: 1) The destruction of the common- field system of cultivation.
2) The enclosure of common and waste lands.
3) The consolidation of small farms into large.
• (par. 5) Agricultural advance.
cause - more scientific approach:
e.g.

agricultural societies
• (par. 6-7) Growth of industry.
causes;
1) mechanical inventions in textile industry
e.g. The spinning jenny and the water frame

most important:
steam engine

2) mechanical revolution in iron industry
e.g. Pit-coal

3) improved means of communication
e.g.

Railroad, canal systems, roads

results: 1) Increase in commerce.
2) substitution of factory system for domestic system.

• (par. 8) Revolution in distribution of wealth:
rise in rents caused by
1)Money invested in improvements
2)The enclosure system
3)The consolidation of farms
4) high price of corn
social changes in country life: The farmers shared in the prosperity of the landlords and for many of them held their farms under beneficial leases, and made large profit of this sharing.
• (par. 9) Social changes in manufacturing world: Capitalist employers made enormous fortunes, they took little no part personally in the work of their factories. The relations between masters and men disappeared.
consequences:
1) The farmers ceased to work and live with their labourers and became a distinct class.
2) The change in their habits, the new food and furniture, the luxury and drinking.
3) class conflict.
• (par. 10) Misery of working people often caused by:

1)Fall in wages, high prices
2)The condition of labour under the factory system
3)The rice of prices, especially of bread

Conclusion:

The Industrial Revolution prove that free competition may produce wealth without producing well-being.

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: Summery
The Industrial revolution started in England in nineteenth century and it affected all the world. At first, it brought two different systems of thought: Economic Science, and its antithesis, Socialism. The development of Economic Science is linked to the names of the four great English economists: Adam Smith, Thomas Robert Malthus, David Ricardo, John Stuart Mill. They wrote seminal books in order to produce new ideas.
Secondly, during the Industrial Revolution a lot of people moved from country to cities, trying to look for a job: it is called Urbanization phenomenon. That's the reason why people became workers. Right now the problem was: who cultivated the land? There was an advance in agriculture because new scientific discoveries have been made. New machinery was used by industry: among that we must remember the steam engine. There was also a mechanical invention in the textile industry, with the spinning jenny.
The mechanical revolution in iron industry had been revolutionized by the invention of smelting by pit-coal. The canal system, instead, improved communication and the transport of goods. As a result there was an increase in commerce and the substitution of factory system for domestic system.
In conclusion, the Industrial Revolution brought some changes in social life: the farmers, for example, ceased to work and live with their laborers and they became a distinct class.