The industrial Revolution  determined  many  important  transformations  in the nineteenth century in England and in the western world. There was the substitution of competition for  the mediaeval  rules which had established the production and the distribution of wealth in the past. In this period there was the growth of " Economic Science " and the " Socialism ". Adam Smith , Ricardo, Malthus and Mill were the most important economists who were very  interested to the Industrial Revolution and to its great consequences. The main aspects of the Industrial Revolution were the growth of population and the agrarian revolution that played an important role in the great industrial change at the end of the eighteenth  century. The agricultural changes which had a great decrease in the rural population were the destruction of the common-field system of cultivation, the enclosure,  a large scale of common and waste lands  and the consolidation of small farms into large ones. There was a great agricultural advance, the breed of cattle was improved, there was  the rotation of crops, the invention of the steam-plough and the institution of agricultural societies . This period was also characterized by a more scientific approach. People moved from the country to the cities to work in factories. There was an important growth of industry. There were important mechanical  inventions in textile industry such as the spinning-jenny , the water-frame, the self-acting mule and an engine for a cotton-mill .The most important inventions were the steam-engine and the power-loom. There was also a great mechanical revolution in iron industry determined by the invention of smelting by pit-coal and by the application of the steam-engine to blast furnaces. Moreover there was an important  improvement of different means of communication such as the canal system, the rail-road and the road tall. The main results of it were an extraordinary increase in trade and the substitution of factory system for domestic system. There was a different distribution of wealth. Much of rise in rents  was due to money  invested in improvements, to the fence system, to the consolidation of  farms and to the high price of corn. A lot of social changes happened in country life,too. There were many social changes in the manufacturing world. All  great capitalist employers became rich. Now there was a distinct separation between rich and poor , there  wasn'  t  a middle class  as in the past. So,  a few people had  all the wealth into their hands and there was a  class conflict. The misery of working people was often  caused by the rise of prices by the sudden fluctuations of trade and by the conditions of labourers  under the factory system. So, we can say that the  effects of the Industrial Revolution have proved  that free competition may produce wealth without producing well-being.