Formattazione corretta 

 

Activity

Complete the following notes. They will give you an
outline of the information contained in the passage. The main points, relations of cause-effect, illustrations etc. are clearly indicated in the
text by logical connectors. Look out for them.

(par. 1) The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution born in England because of the introduction of enclosures,
the fast growth of the population and the development of the culture. But
because of the moltitude of people the agricultural system wasn't able to keep
them. So then the life style begun to change again in negative way brought the
birth of a new class and the poverty among working people.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

led
to growth of two systems of thought:

1)
Economic science 2) Socialism.....................................................................................

 


 


 


 

a)Adam Smith

b)Malthus

c)Ricardo

d) John Stuart Mill

(par. 2-3) Facts of Industrial Revolution.



 


 

1)The fast growth of the population

2)The enormous rise in rents in agriculture

(par. 4) Decrease in rural population.

causes:
1) Destruction of the common-field system of cultivation.....................................................................................................................

2)The
enclosure
................................................................................................................

3)
The consolidation of small farms into large.............................................................................................................

(par. 5) Agricultural advance.

cause
- more scientific approach: the breed of cattle was improved, rotation of
crops, the steam-plought was invented.

e.g.

 


 


 


 

agricultural societies

(par. 6-7) Growth of industry.

causes;

1)
mechanical inventions in textile industry

e.g.

 


 


 


 

Water-frame, spinning jenny

most
important:

 


 

steam engine

2)
mechanical revolution in iron industry

e.g.
   

 


 

Invention of smelting by pit-coal

3)
improved means of communication

e.g.

 


 


 

railroad

results:
1) The increase in commerce.........................................................................................................................

2)
substitution of factory system for domestic system.

(par. 8) Revolution in distribution of wealth:

rise
in rents caused by

 


 


 


 

1)enclosure system

2)agriculture

3)consolidation of farms

4) high price of corn

social
changes in country life: the farmers begun to search protection under the
wealth of their landlords. So they ceased to work becoming a new distinct class
because they lived with their labourers who get out profit of their farms for
them.

(par. 9) Social changes in manufacturing world: the relations between the men
and masters disappeared and the poverty started to spread among working people..........................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................................................

consequences:

1)The relations between masters and men disappeared
.........................................................................................................................................................

2)"cash
nexus" was substituted for the human tie
........................................................................................................................................................

3)
class conflict.

(par. 10) Misery of working people often caused by:





 


 


 

1)the factory system

2)the unemployment

3)the birth of the new capitalist class

Conclusion:
the capitalism of the new class caused the poverty of the population forced to
live in terrible conditions.

SUMMARY

The fast growth of the
population, the introduction of enclosures and a new development of culture
caused in England Industrial Revolution's birth. This period was characterized
by agricultural advance, mechanical inventions, revolution in irony industry
with the creation of the steam engine, the construction of the first railroad
that allowed the improvement of the commerce and the other progresses. During
the Industrial Revolution, in Europe born two great systems of thought:
Economic Science and Socialism, its antithesis. the Economic Science has four
chief landmarks, four great English economists: Adam Smith, Malthus, Ricardo
and John Stuart Mill.

 Regardin to the Manufactures, there were much
mechanical inventions as spinning-jenny, water-frame, Crompton's mule etc. that
altered the character of cotton manufacture. Moreover these discoveries caused
the sobstitution of the factory for domestic system and this is one of the must
important changes that the Industrial Revolution brought.

But soon after the
agricultural wasn't able to mantein the moltitude of people and this fact
breeded the decreased of the population. Threfore, in agriculture the main question
was an enormous rise in rents. This negative aspect induced the farmers to
search protection under the prosperity of their landlords. So, they ceased to
work and begun to live with their labourers who get out profits of their farms
for them, and in this way the landlords became a distinct class. However, the
masters start to broken their relations with workmen, forced to live in
disastrous conditions because of a birth of the new economic system: the
capitalism. In fact this new system enriched the capitalist class leaving the
population in poverty. So, the carelessness of the people's life caused by the
only interest to the production of money, brought a frightful period in which
the population lived in inadequate hygenical conditions and with a very little
quantity of food because of the hight price of bread.