Hamlet is considered one of the Shakespeare's greatest tragedies, togheter with "Macbeth" and "The Tempest". It was written in a period of transition between 16th and 17th century and it was put on the stage on the Globe to give the audience the concerns of his own time. During that period Shakespeare wrotes a lot of tragedies because he found inspiration from medioeval materials.
Tragedy consists of a narrative form of literature which tells a story about somebody who has ideals to the point of death. The protagonist of a tragedy is an hero, who has got values and courage.
LANGUAGE:It is written in blank verse: the language is unrhymed and consists of iambic pentametral whitout rihymes. It is succesfull because it reproduces the troubles of the heart.
THE SETTING:Hamlet is represented with a skull which is a metaphor, metonimia -> una parte per il tutto.
-CASTLE: It is an interesting architecture. There was a costance danger of invasion during the period of Hamlet.
-FOREGROUND: Skulls that reminds death. Dark atmosphere.                                                                                             There's something rotten in Denmark and therefore there was need of stability, that turned upside down. If there is lack of balance there is danger of invasion.
The passage of sovereign was improper --> the natural order was destroyed by a murder.
The representation of God on earth assended the throne not in a natural way.
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"THE TRAGEDY OF HAMLET PRINCE OF DENMARK"
The title hints that the protagonist is a danish prince, whose name is Hamlet; and it also displays that the setting is the Kingdom of Denmark.
There are different levels or layers of meaning during the development of the story:                                                                                                                                                          -THE POLITICAL LEVEL: According to the title he is a prince.
-THE FAMILY LEVEL: He is a soon, who has got a father and a mather.----------------------------------------> This layer opens up to a further layer:                                                                      After the murder of the King, Hamlet become the soon of a step father and still of his mather.
-THE GENERATION LEVEL: He belongs to the youth generation. This explains why he believes that metters are either right or wrong.
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Hamlet was shocked by his believed father's death and he shows clear distress about his mother's marriage to Claudius.
Hamlet begins to suspect that his father has been murdered by his uncle who now is married with his mather and assended the throne. It follows that Hamlet wants to take revenge against him.
This explains why Hamlet is considered a revenge tragedy, according to the medioeval and classical interpretation. He wants to take a revenge against the murderer who now holds his father's title as sovereign.
He must substitute his natural father with the step father, a man who Hamlet see as a rival for his mother's affection.
Ophelia is the daughter of a man very near to the king, she is in love with Hamlet , but she cannot have soon.
One night he hears the voice of his death father 's ghost talking to him and asking for revenge for his murder.
Hamlet is scared because he cannot control the situation, and the idea of his father's ghost gives him torment. It crosses Hamlet's mind costantly.Hamlet find himself entrapped in a complex situation and he doesn't know how to face the situation.
When a troop of actors shows up to celebrate the end of the university, Hamlet writes a play  whose story has a parallel to that of Claudius. He put to the test his uncle to see his reaction.
The only different of the play with the reality is that, in the performance a man kills his brother not for power but because he loves his brother's wife.
This goes to prove that Hamlet was jealous of his mather. In fact during the development of the tragedies the close relationship of Hamlet with his mother playes a crucial role . Hamlet sees his uncle as a rival for his mother's affect.
His uncle's reaction to the play concives Hamlet of his guilt, but when he was ready to kill him while the murderer was praying  he doesn't act because he doesn't want to sent him to Heaven.
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Hamlet is full of never ending doubts, he has a disturbed mind.                                                                                          In order to represent such Hamlet's doubts Shakespeare puts the idea of the ghost, according to the idea of Manicheismo
Hamlet is always pushed to ask question about his father's death.                                                                                     He find himself in the middle of nowhere.                                                                                                                                 He broods over and over again his doubts and He insisted to persisting in his grief
So he decides to pretende to be mad and he starts talking in riddles. Hamlet's behaviour is considered mad.
Is he insane or is he showing his faking insanity?
Hamlet can't understand what's going on in the world around him and he seems to be hungry with those around him.
Ghertrude cannot understand why Hamlet insists in suffering so much since death is part of life. She suggests to him that he needs to move on because he risks to separate himself from the values and beliefs of the community.