Poetry is the most complex textual form because it uses a specific macro language. 
Analysis of a poem implies for the reader, the intelligent reader (an intelligent reader is who is able to read between the lines), to understand why, for which reasons, somebody has used language in that way and to explain why the poet conveys the message.

- A symbol is something concrete that relates something else.

- A simile is generally used to describe something better, to provide a description and to help the reader to imagine the situation.

- Personification attributes human qualities to something there isn’t human. Generally all figures of speech create a more vivid meaning.

- Irony is used to convey a situation less dramatic. It expresses something, stating it opposite.

- Imagery instead is an uncountable noun, and it implies all the words in the poetry, namely it is the sum of the imagines.

- Allusion makes an indirect reference to something. 

Literature started as an oral form, it wasn’t written. So how could people remember? Poets had to use language in a way people could remember. Bards and minstrels had to make what they composed memorable. They used language in a way similar to today’s songs: they use a lot of rhymes, alliterations, assonances, incremental repetitions and refrains. So people could remember. Oral composition were handed over from generation to generation. Language was concrete, simple and the topics of such literature were strictly connected to their lives. 
What was the most popular form of such literature? It was ballad( we can see that this word in a Latin word). The attitude of dancing and singing entered with the entry of Christianity. Christianity had such a diffusion because it promised salvation, it gives a reason to live. 
On Sunday (the Day of the Sun) people went to church to celebrate the mass. People sang in Latin because Latin was the language of religion. But most people were illiterate, they weren’t able to write and to read. So, what gave meaning to their praying? Their faith did. Their effort gained in meaning and in value. 
Literature is the expression of the community.
People had community parties in which they sang and danced.