Poetry is the most complex textual form because it uses a specific macro language. 

Analysis of a poem implies for the intelligent reader (who are able to read between the lines), to understand why, for which reasons, somebody has used language in that way and to explain why the poet conveys the message. A symbol is something concrete that relates something else. 

• SIMILE: generally used to better describe something, to provide a description and to help the reader to imagine the situation. 

PERSONIFICATION: attributes human qualities to something that isn’t human. Generally all figures of speech create a more vivid meaning. 

• IRONY: is used to convey a situation less dramatic. It expresses something, stating it opposite. 
• IMAGERY: (uncountable noun) implies all the words in the poetry, namely it is the sum of the imagines. 
• ALLUSION: makes an indirect reference to something. 

Originally literature was oral. Poets had to use language in a way people could remember. Bards and minstrels had to make what they composed memorable, therefore they used language in a way similar to today’s songs, using alliterations, rhymes, assonances, incremental repetitions and refrains. This way people could remember the texts. Oral composition were handed over from generation to generation. Language was concrete, simple and the topics of such literature were strictly connected to their lives. 

The most popular form of literature was ballad. The attitude of dancing and singing entered with the entry of Christianity. Christianity had such a diffusion because it promised salvation, it gives a reason to live. 

On Sunday, the Day of the Sun, people went to church to celebrate the mass. People sang in Latin because Latin was the language of religion, the original language of the church. But most people were illiterate, so they weren’t able to write and to read. So, only their faith could giveto their praying. Their effort gained in meaning and in value. 

Literature is the expression of the community.

People had community parties in which they sang and danced.