29.10 
Single out the most important causes and effects of the industrial revolution according to A. Toynbee.

The industrial revolution analysis of the text

The essence if the industrial revolution is the substitution of competition from the medieval regulations which had previously controlled the production and the distribution of wealthy. 
Adam smith wrote "the wealthy of the nations" he discuss the ways wealth should be distributed,  the second is Malthus that wrote the "essay of population".

It is a process according to which competition became the ultimate goal and substituted the mediaeval regulation that had controlled production and distribution. People produce guts and that are distributed in the market. As it always happens when somebody produce gots, his gots are sold just if the price is good. The market regulates the process of wealthy. The market is regulated by the interchange between demand and offer. It is not important for just England, it led to the growth of the systems of thought: socialism and liberalism. 
The period when it started to develop is the end of 18 century, the open field system of cultivation finished and people closed their lands. The industrial revolution goes together with the urbanization. 
The economic science in England has four English economist: the first is Adam Smith (in 1776 guerra di indipendenza americana), in his a book he investigated the causes of wealth, (he had studied the works of a scholar who had published a work "of the principles of utility" de principio di utilitā, in cui si dei era che tutto quello che provoca utilitā ad una persona se lo moltiplichiamo alla nazione provoca l'utilitā di una nazione); and aimed at the substitution of the industrial freedom for a system of restriction. (Ci devono essere delle regole alla produzione industriale, l'obbiettivo vero non era il benessere della persona.

Con la rivoluzione tecnologica e I proprietari hanno iniziato a recintare le loro terre, i lavoratori si ritrovano senza lavoro e hanno dovuto muoversi verso le cittā vicino alle miniere. La rivoluzione č un processo che mette al centro al concorrenza.  Si sviluppano due modi di pensare, due visioni del mondo, si chiamano scienza economica o liberismo e  socialismo.