Textuality » 5ALS Interacting
Activities
Complete the following notes. They will give you an outline of the information contained in the passage. The main points, relations of cause-effect, illustrations etc. are clearly indicated in the text by logical connectors. Look out for them.
- (par. 1) The Industrial Revolution
Is an historical process brought out in nineteenth century that substitute feudalism controlling the production and the distribution of wealth. And it
led to growth of two systems of thought:
1) Economic science 2)Socialism
There were four great English Economists:
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a) Adam Smith |
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b) Malthus |
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c) Ricardo |
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d) John Stuart Mill |
• (par. 2-3) Facts of Industrial Revolution.
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1) far greater rapidity which marks the growth of population |
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2) decline in the agricultural population |
• (par. 4) Decrease in rural population.
causes: 1) the destruction of common-field system of cultivation
2) the enclosure
3) the consolidation of small farms into large
• (par. 5) Agricultural advance.
cause — more scientific approach:
e.g.
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Improving of the breed of cattle (razza bovina) |
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Rotation of crops (colture) |
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Steam plough (aratro a vapore) |
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Agricultural societies |
• (par. 6-7) Growth of industry.
causes;
1) mechanical inventions in textile industry
e.g.
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Spinning Jenny (filatura) |
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Water frame (telaio ad acqua) |
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Compton’s mule |
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Self-acting mule |
most important:
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Steam engine |
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Engine for a cotton mill and power loom |
2) mechanical revolution in iron industry
e.g.
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Smelting by pit-coal (fusion da carbon fossile) |
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Steam-engine to blast furnaces(motore a vapore per altiforni) |
3) improved means of communication
e.g.
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Canal system |
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Roads improvements and Turnpike road (autostrada a pedaggio) |
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Railroad |
results: 1) Increase in commerce
2) Substitution of factory system for domestic system.
• (par. 8) Revolution in distribution of wealth:
rise in rents caused by
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1) Money invested in improvements |
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2) Effects of enclosures system |
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3) Consolidation of farms |
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4) High price of corn |
social changes in country life: farmers became a distinct class and labourers lost their common rights (alienation between farmer and labourer)
• (par.9) Social changes in manufacturing world:
consequences:
1) disappearance of the link between masters and men
2) struggles of Trade Unions
3) class conflict.
• (par. 10) Misery of working people often caused by:
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1)condition of labour under the factory system |
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2)rise of prises: high price of bread |
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3)fluctuation of trade |
Conclusion:Laws must contain free competition, otherwise it does not produce collective well-being, but on the contrary misery.