THE CHRISTMAS TRUCE

Christmas Eve in the trenches of France, the guns were quiet.
The dead lay still in No Man's Land – 
Freddie, Franz, Friedrich, Frank . . .
The moon, like a medal, hung in the clear, cold sky.

Silver frost on barbed wire, strange tinsel, sparkled and winked.
A boy from Stroud stared at a star
to meet his mother's eyesight there. 
An owl swooped on a rat on the glove of a corpse.

In a copse of trees behind the lines, a lone bird sang.
A soldier-poet noted it down – a robin holding his winter ground –
then silence spread and touched each man like a hand.

Somebody kissed the gold of his ring;
a few lit pipes; 
most, in their greatcoats, huddled, 
waiting for sleep.
The liquid mud had hardened at last in the freeze.

But it was Christmas Eve; believe; belief thrilled the night air,
where glittering rime on unburied sons 
treasured their stiff hair. 
The sharp, clean, midwinter smell held memory.

On watch, a rifleman scoured the terrain –
no sign of life, 
no shadows, shots from snipers, nowt to note or report.
The frozen, foreign fields were acres of pain.

Then flickering flames from the other side danced in his eyes,
as Christmas Trees in their dozens shone, candlelit on the parapets,
and they started to sing, all down the German lines.

Men who would drown in mud, be gassed, or shot, or vaporised
by falling shells, or live to tell, heard for the first time then –
Stille Nacht. Heilige Nacht. Alles schläft, einsam wacht …

Cariad, the song was a sudden bridge from man to man; 
a gift to the heart from home, 
or childhood, some place shared … 
When it was done, the British soldiers cheered.

A Scotsman started to bawl The First Noel
and all joined in,
till the Germans stood, seeing 
across the divide, 
the sprawled, mute shapes of those who had died.

All night, along the Western Front, they sang, the enemies –
carols, hymns, folk songs, anthems, in German, English, French;
each battalion choired in its grim trench.

So Christmas dawned, wrapped in mist, to open itself
and offer the day like a gift
for Harry, Hugo, Hermann, Henry, Heinz … 
with whistles, waves, cheers, shouts, laughs.

Frohe Weinachten, Tommy! Merry Christmas, Fritz! 
A young Berliner, brandishing schnapps,
was the first from his ditch to climb.
A Shropshire lad ran at him like a rhyme.

Then it was up and over, every man, to shake the hand
of a foe as a friend,
or slap his back like a brother would; 
exchanging gifts of biscuits, tea, Maconochie's stew,

Tickler's jam … for cognac, sausages, cigars,
beer, sauerkraut; 
or chase six hares, who jumped
from a cabbage-patch, or find a ball 
and make of a battleground a football pitch.

I showed him a picture of my wife. Ich zeigte ihm 
ein Foto meiner Frau. 
Sie sei schön, sagte er. 
He thought her beautiful, he said.

They buried the dead then, hacked spades into hard earth
again and again, till a score of men 
were at rest, identified, blessed. 
Der Herr ist mein Hirt … my shepherd, I shall not want.

And all that marvellous, festive day and night, they came and went,
the officers, the rank and file, their fallen comrades side by side
beneath the makeshift crosses of midwinter graves …

… beneath the shivering, shy stars
and the pinned moon 
and the yawn of History;
the high, bright bullets 
which each man later only aimed at the sky.

The poem is written by Carol Ann Duffy, poet laureate, in memory of the episode happened on the 24 of December during the First World War. It is divided into 19 stanzas. At first sight the poem seems to be a tale for children, thanks also to the images used, but it is about the horror of the war.

There is a third person narrator, who speaks from an outside point of view The poem describes in details the life in German’s and English’s trenches. The use of soldiers’ proper name, like in “Dulce et Decorum est” has the function to give an identity to the soldiers,  to create the sensation of nearness and to make true what the narrator says. There are German’s and English’ name, to emphasize the fact that even if the soldiers are enemies, they’re all men and they share the same sufferings.

The reader feels as if he were in the trench himself. The poem is about the horror of the war through evocative images.  Duffy wants to bring out the misery of the soldiers. Even if it is Christmas they think always about war, mud and pain. This Truce is a memory for the happy moments, but it ended in a worst way. Thanks the truce they knew they’re all human, they’re brothers and they have to start the war again, after having socialized with the enemies. They have just become friends and they have to kill each other.