Pag. 30 ex.2

1. Aisle = navata laterale
2. Arch = arco, arcata
3. Column = colonna
4. Facade = facciata
5. Fan vault = volta a ventaglio
6. Nave = navata
7. Pier = pilastro
8. Pinnacle = pinnacolo
9. Relief = rilievo
10. Ribbed vault = volta con nervature
11. Spire = guglia
12. Steeple = campanile

Pag. 30 ex. 3

1. When was there a large cathedral- campaign in England? The large cathedral- campaign was in the end of the 12th century.
2. When was a church called “cathedral”? A church was called cathedral when it contained a cathedra or throne for a bishop.
3. What materials were used to build Gothic cathedrals? The materials employed to build cathedrals were timber, stone marble and glass.

Pag. 31 ex. 5

Canterbury has been the most important spiritual centre in England for pilgrimage. Saint Augustine was sent to Kent as a monk in 597 AD and given a church at Canterbury. Until the 10^th century, the Cathedral community was a society of Benedictine monks. The wealth and power of the Cathedral increased in the 12^th century thanks to the donations. It is now regarded as one of the finest examples of Medieval art. The Cathedral was seriously damaged by the severe earthquake of 1382, losing its bells and campanile. The nave was rebuilt in the Perpendicular style of English Gothic, but the Norman and Early English east and was left in place. Today nearly incomes are held each year. “Save Canterbury Cathedral” was the banner launching an appeal to people in 2006. Tis appeal wanted to protect the future of the Cathedrals. A combination of centuries of war and constant use had produced serious damage problems at Canterbury Cathedral that needed urgent action. The structural review wants to guarantee security of the pilgrims and tourists visiting the Cathedral every year.

Pag. 31 ex. 6

High piers decorated with geometrical shapes - Vertically of proportion - Massive pinnacles - Huge windows

Pag. 31 ex. 7

What do you think the high towers and pinnacles might symbolize? The high towers and pinnacles might symbolize the tension to God. The most important value of the people was salvation, so people need to get closer to God.