Pag 30 ex. 2
1 aisle=navata laterale
2 arch=arco, arcata
3 column=colonna
4 façade=facciata
5 fan vault=volta a ventaglio
6 nave=navata centrale
7 pier=pilastro
8 pinnacle=pinnacolo
9 relief=rilievo
10 ribbed vault=volta con nervature
11 spire=guglia
12 steeple=campanile o guglia di torre

Pag. 30 ex. 3
1 There was a large cathedral-campain in Engalnd at the end of the 12th century.
2 A church was called a cathedral when it contained a cathedra, or throne, for a bishop.
3 Gothic cathedrals were built using timber, stone, marble and glass.

Pag. 31 ex. 6
Features that belong to Gothic architecture:
high piers decorated with geometrical shapes
small windows
verticality of proportion
massive pinnacles
pointed arches

Pag. 31 ex. 7
The high towers and pinnacles, stretching to up above, may symbolise the saving grace coming to the believers through the church

Pag. 31 ex. 8
Stained glass’ function was to keep the devil away from the believers and illuminate them, showing them images from the Scriptures.

Pag. 37 ex. 1
1 The ballad takes place at Martinmas time.
2 The protagonists are Sir John Graeme and Barbara Allen
3 John Graeme is dying of love because of Barbara Allen.
4 Barbara isn’t moved by his tragic state.
5 Barbara treats John cruelly because she’s angry with him: he slighted her during a party after getting drunk.
6 At the end she realizes that Sir John died because of her.
7 Woe, in the last line, might be an omen of pain to her.

Pag. 37 ex. 2
1 There are eight stanzas
2 There are four lines for each stanza.

Pag. 37 ex. 3
A B C D / E B F A / G B H B / I A L B / M B N A / O B O A / G P Q P / R B S A
The rhyme scheme isn’t regular

Pag. 37 ex. 4
1 The repeated words are “Barbara Allen”, “hooly”, “very”, “adieu”, “slowly”
2 An example of incremental repetition is “hooly, hooly rose she up”, which is repeated at line 25 slightly different (“slowly, slowly raise she up”).
3 They help the listener to memorize; They create a musical effect; They emphasize important details

Pag. 37 ex. 5
The state of the male protagonist is represented by the time of the year “when the green leaves were a-falling”, which is autumn; in fact he is dying.

Pag. 37 ex. 6
Expressions linked to Barbara Allen: “hooly, hooly rose she up” “slowly, slowly raise she up and slowly, slowly left him” “every now that the dead-bell grid, it cry’d, Woe to Barbara Allen”
Barbara changes when she hears the dead-bell ringing, implying that she feels guilty for Sir John’s death.

Pag. 37 ex. 7
In this balled is developed the theme of unrequited love.

The Ballad of Barbara Allen
From the title the reader expects the text to be a ballad about Barbara Allen’s story, probably a story’s modern version. In fact the text is formed by nine stanzas of four lines, which is a ballad’s structure.
The story is exactly like the original ballad’s one, but there a re a few differences. First of all, the language obviously isn’t like the original ballad’s one and the setting isn’t Martinmas anymore, but the “merry month of May” (which is an alliteration). So the author doesn’t want to highlight John’s death and Barbara’s cruelty aspects of the ballad, which are symbolized by autumn; but an aspect of rebirth, symbolized by spring.
Another difference is the male character’s name, while the original ballad tells about Sir John’s death, this one tells about Sir William’s death; and Barbara doesn’t just “draw the curtain by” to see him, but “draws nigh him”; so the author makes Barbara act sweeter to William, and not cold as in the original ballad.
Also, at the end of the song, Barbara is buried before Sir William, although he’s died before her.