Page 30 esercise 1

When someone speaks about gothic ,I generally think at cathedrals which develop upwards and at stained glass windows.

Page 30 esercise 2

1. Aisle → (f) navata laterale
2. Arch → (c) arco,parasta
3. Column→ (i) colonna
4. Façade→ (k)facciata
5. Fan vault→ (e) volta con nervature
6. Nave→ (g)navata centrale
7. Pier→ (b)pilastro
8. Pinnacle→ (h)pinnacolo
9. Relief→ (j)rilievo
10. Ribbled vault→ (l)volta a ventaglio
11. Spire→ (d)campanule o guglia di torre
12. Steeple→ (a)guglia

Page 30 esercise 3

1. There was at the end of the 12th century.
2. When it contained a chatedra or ‘throne’ for bishop.
3. The most important materials were timber, stone, marble and glass.

Page 30 esercise 4

Early 5th century

Page 30 esercise 5

1. Early 5th century
2. Missionary
3. Formal community
4. Offery
5. Gothic
6. 1’000 services
7. Raice 50’000 million
8. Religious-cultural
9. Pollution and weathering
10. The safety
11. Page 31 esercise 6
12. High piers decorated with geometrical shapes
13. Verticality of proportion
14. Massive pinnacles
15. Pointed arches
16. Huge windows

Page 31 esercise 7

It symbolise the desire to get closed to God.

Page 31 esercise 8

I think the function is to let the light to enter because light in Middle ages is metaphorically compared to God.

Page 33 esercise 1

John is popularly know as “Bad king John” beacuse he appears as a cowardly, cruel and reprehensible monarch.

Page 33 esercise 2

1. Richard I is the soon of Henry II. He become king in 1189 but he take part ah the Third Crusade so during his absence, John tried to usurp his place.
2. John is unpopular for his negative representation.
3. The barons refused to pay scutage and conspired to resist to the king.
4. The Magna Carta called for a guarantee of protection to all free men from illegal imprisonment and seizure of propriety.

Page 36 esercise 1

1. The tagic love story between John and Barbara.
2. John,Barbara Allen.

Page 37 esercise 2

1. In the Middle ages.
2. John and Barbara Allen.
3. John is dying because he is sick for Barbara Allen.
4. No,  she isn’t.
5. She realised she loved him.
6. Bad luck.

Page 37 esercise 3

1. There are 8 stanzas.
2. There are 4 lines for each stanza.

Page 37 esercise 4

No, it isn’t.

Page 37 esercise 5

1. Barbara Allen, hooly, very sick, round,adieu, slowly.
2. It cry’d, Woe to Barbara Allen.
3. The effect of rhyme and ripetition help the listener to memorise creating a musical effect.