EXERCISES PG 142 

N°6

The fundamental rights guaranteed by the Italian government to the citizen are:

- Personal liberty: personal liberty is inviolable;

- Domicile inviolability: it is forbidden to search or to seize something/kidnap somebody in his/her home except in the cases and manner established by law.

- Freedom of correspondence and communication: freedom and confidentiality of communication are inviolable.

- Freedom of movement: every citizen can move and reside freely in any part of the national territory, except for limitations established by law for reasons of safety, but not for political, unless legal obligations reasons.

- Freedom of assembly: citizens have the right to assemble peacefully and without any kind of weapons in private or public place.

- Freedom of association: citizens have the right to associate without permission, but secret associations and those which pursue political ends by military organization are forbidden. Citizens are also free to not associate.

- Freedom of religion: everyone has the right to freely profess his/her religious faith and to propagate it, provided that the rites are not contrary to morality.

- Freedom of religious communities: religion may not be restricted by law unless it is contrary to morality;

- Freedom of expression of Thought: citizens have the right to information and to express their thoughts in writing, orally or by other means of distribution (however defamation is prohibited). Printing cannot be censored or be subjected to authorization.

- Rights of the individual in criminal proceedings: No one may be punished by virtue of a law following the offense was committed.

- Extradition: Extradition cannot be allowed for political offenses.

- Criminal responsibility: a defendant is not considered guilty until the final sentence. The death penalty is not permitted, not even in case of war.

- Freedom of the family community: family rights.

- Health treatments: No one can be obliged to undergo medical treatment unless in case of contagious diseases.

- Scientific, cultural and educational freedom: Art and science are free, as well as their teaching.

- Union freedom and right to strike.

- Economic freedom: private economic initiative is free, and private property is recognized and guaranteed by law.

- Personality rights: No one can be deprived of his/her name, legal status, citizenship, right to physical integrity or right to personal identity.

N°7

The 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights set out 30 fundamental rights belonging to all persons, but even nowadays, despite the United Nations and many other human rights organizations’ investments, human rights are disregarded in many countries.

Everyday newspapers and mass media spread news about human rights abuses in different parts of the world: we hear about deaths and tortures in Syria; lootings and killings in Iraq; rapes and amputations in Congo; repression of dissent and ill-treatment of workers in China; disappearances and beheadings in Mexico and also subjugation of women and oppression of homosexuals across the Arab world. The list could go on, even Europe is not immune: here racism and xenophobia are much more evident than in other parts of the world. So what could be done to give more protection to individuals from these atrocities?

The meant of human rights is to avoid these kinds of inhuman acts of cruelty, so the point is to bring them and made them recognized even where today they are not.