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PART 1 - COMPREHENSION

1. The speaker is an Indian that lives in England, but his family is in Pakistan.

2. His theory is about the migrants and the “conquering the force of gravity”.

3. He compares gravity to belong: it is a metaphor to explain what really migration is.

4. He thinks that roots are “a conservative myth, designed to keep us in our places”.

5. In the present text, freedom is expressed: “to fly and to flee”. It's associated with the word “flight”, which stands for “running away” as well as “to fly like birds”.

6. He supposes that ICI, Ciba-Geigy, Pfizer, Roche or NASA can create an anti-gravity sistem

7. As consequences of the anti-gravity pill, airlines would go broke overnight, pill-poppers would sank into the clouds and once the effects are over, people would land in different places of the earth.

8. It's necessary to create pills of different strengths for journeys of different length.

9. Gravity can be identified with roots: by beating them, people can be free to migrate, an anti-gravity pill would get everyone a migrant.

10. The best thing of migrant people is their hopefulness, while the worst one is “the emptiness of one’s luggage”.

PART 2 - ANALYSIS

2) The speaker is an emigrant and a newcomer: he left by his motherland, he came to England, but his family moved to Pakistan.

3) The whole text is built on the gravity's metaphor: it is a mean used to analyse the phenomenon of migration. Roots are another important symbol, they keep people with their feet on the ground.

4) Gravity and belonging roughly express the same significance. They are not understandable at all, their origins are unknown, but they are part of our life, we must accept these ones.

5) The speaker writes with many words from the scientific world. Some examples are “pills”, “gravity”, “flying”, “planetary”, “clouds”...

6) Jonathan Swift’s description is deep, he describes every object owned by the “Man-Mountain”. The Man-Mountain is an emigrant, and the narrative voice expresses the curiosity of the reader. Isn't where he comes from, but his appearance: the whole text is a descriptive text.

Salman Rushdie writes about emptiness, this can be a similarity with Jonathan Swift’s text.

7) I think the speaker has a negative view of migration,he closed his text with a reference to memory. What the reader perceives is a sad tone, that evokes a sense of emptiness.

8) Get information about the country you going to, above all about his culture. It is important to speak a language, or one spoken by the whole part of the population.

9) Bruce Chatwin’s text is about travelling: all human beings' activities are “linked to the idea of journeys”, and this is the reason why human beings are unable to settle. For example, travelling is not just a walk, or a concrete thing. In addict, they used hallucinatory mushrooms, hashish, wine, associating them with God. Real journeys are more busy: the speaker supports them.

He makes a reference to Li Po, taking him as an example of a man who hasn't a stable place, and when asked to the reason of life, Li Po thoughts “sauntered off”, he was not able to answer. Travelling is something people need.

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1. Custom duties, smuggling, bribery, satire, realism, morals

2. Stable, tradition, elegant, materialist, responsible, hierarchy, individualist, pessimism, optimistic

3. The Whigs were formed in 1680 – descendants of Parliamentarians – supported by the wealthy and commercial classes fought for industrial and commercial development – became the Liberal Party

The Tories emerged in 1679-80 – descendants of the Royalists – supported by the Church of England and the fought for the divine right of the monarch – became the Conservative Party

4. The first Prime Minister was the Whig Sir Robert Walpole. He appoint the ministers, who form the Cabinet.

5. F - T – T – F – T – F – T

6. Material, hierarchical, local landowners