The passage is about the conseguences of the industrial Revolution. It is the process that has changed England from an agricultural country to an industrial country. Unlike the rules of medieval productions starting from the industrial revolution all the factories that produced similar products started to compete, before there were no market rules. two ways of thinking are born in this period, economic science and socialism. The first one is based on economic liberalism, the second one is the class awareness of the workers. Moreover four figures talk about this topic, they are Adam Smith, Malthus, Ricardo and John Stuart Mill. everyone expressed their thoughts about the political economy. Futhermore in this moment there was a decrease in rural population due to the destruction of the common-field system of cultivation, the enclosure of common and waste lands, the consolidation of small farms into large. There was also an improvement in agricultural production thanks to the rotation of crops, the steam plough, the breed of cattle was improved and agricultural societies were created. There was a growth of industry with the spinning jenny, the water frame, the crompton’s mule and the self acting mule, but the most important were steam engine and power loom. There was also an improvement in the iron industry with the invention of smelting by pit-coal and the application of the steam-engine to blast furnaces. Moreover many improvements were also made in communications and transports with the result of an extraordinary increase in commerce and the substitution of factory system for domestic system. Another aspect is the rise in rents caused by money invested in improvements, enclosure system, consolidation of farms and high price of corns. This process greatly enriched the capititalists, but it brought much discontent among the crowd, there was the problem of unemployment and many farmers moved to the cities and gave rise to the phenomenon of urbanization.