MB UNIUD

Correction of the classtest

Before the United Kingdom became a constitutional monarchy many years passed.

Everything began in 1215 when the barons limited the King's power with the Magna Charta. Some years later the Magnum Concilium was summonded and became amministration from which today's Parliament derives. It is made up by two Houses: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. In the XVIII century there were many problems between the King and the Parliament. In 1649 Charles I was executed. After the Glorious Revolution (1688) William D'Orange was elected by the Parliament as the new sovereign. In 1689 we have the Bill of Rights which said that the King had to conform to the rules of the Parliament. Going on in 1701 the Parliament established the rules fr the succession to the throne (Act of Settlement).

In the XIX Century with the Trade of Unions the Catholic had the equality of rights. In 1832 we have the Great Reform Act which extended the right to vote to large cities. During the Victorian Age the Government became dependent to the Houses. Talking about the Westminster model, in 1918 there was a movement that lead to universal suffrage which said that everybody could vote. The Cabinet (the highest rank of the King's advisors) reached a leading position.

The United Kingdom hasn't got a written text. It's the summary of some rules which can be altered by the Parliament. Citizens are required to follow the laws and everyone is the same in front of them. As I said before the United Kingdom is a Constitutional monarchy because the sovereign "rules but doesn't govern". The Government and the House of Commons make a Bill, which passes to the House of Lords and finally the sovereign approves it. The English Parliament is made up by the House of Commlons, the House of Lords and the sovereign, it is set in Westminster and the two Houses meet only on special occasions because the two Houses work separately.

In 1946 the Italian monarchy was abolished and on 2 June 1946 the Constituent Assembly was elected by Universal suffrage. At the end of 1947 the Constituen Assembly enacted the Italian Constitution which came to force on 1^st Januart 1948. The Constituen Assembly was made up by three parts: a solidaristic cgristian democratic, a liberal anbd a left-wing part. Although the three parts had many disagreement points, they had a point of agreement towards tyranny: no dictator should ever tyrannize the country.

The Italian Constitution is composed by 139 articles arranged into three part: Fundamenta principles, Rights and Duties of citizens and te Organization of the Republic. In Italy we have three powers: the executive power, the legislative power and the judicial branches.

The Common Law refers to laws and legal systems developed through the decisions of courts. It wa the law that was the same in all the country. It is used in civili system and nowadays it is used in England, Wales, Ireland, India, Africa, Australia...The statutory law is enacted by legislatory and the regulatory las is promulgated by the executive branch.

Now I am going to explain the differences between the Constitution of the Italian Republic and the English Constitution.

First of all Italy is a Republic and England is a monarcy. Italy has got a written Constitution and England has got only some rules that are very easy to change, on the contrary the Italian Constitution requires a long process to be changed. In the Italian Parliament the Houses have got the same powers, at the contrary in England the House of Commons is more powerful than the House of Lords. The Italian Constitution is made up by three parts and the English Constitution only by two.