MB UNIUD

1603: James Stuart VI of Scotland came to the throne; he practises the theory of absolute monarchy, the divine right of the king, he tried not to help by the Parliament.

1625: James died and the throne passed to Charles I. He restored an absolute monarchy causing hostility in Parliament.

From 1625 to 1649: English society was affected by religious differences:

• Anglicans: they practised the religion Church of England;
• Catholics: they had separated from Anglicanism;
• Puritans: they creed in the purity of Christianity so in its origin values. They belongs to the middle classes and they were business man and merchants. They criticized the corrupted Church.

1625: Charles imposed taxation without parliamentary consent.

1628: Parliament presented the "Petition of Rights" that affirmed the disapprove of the Parliament to the king's decision. So no taxes should be levied  without Parliament approval. But the king rejected the Petition.

1642: The Civil War broke out. There were formed two parts, the Royalists who included the Catholics and the aristocracy and the part of the Parliament that included the professional and mercantile classes; their leadership was Cromwell.

From 1645 to 1649: Cromwell broke the Royalists' resistance, Charles was executed, the monarchy was abolished. A republic was instituted with the name of "Commonweath". 

1660: The republic collapsed and the monarchy was restored. Charles II came to the throne. That period was called "Restoration". There created two groups: the Tories who preserved the alliance between the Crown and the nobility and the Wighs who represented the commercial and industrial classes.

From 1665 to 1666: The plague and the fire hit the city.

1685: Charles II died. The throne passes to James II, he was Catholic so he imposed his religion.

1688: The Protestants organized a revolution, the "Bloodless Revolution", the king was deposed.