Textuality » 4A Interacting
SAncona - The Stuart
by - (2009-03-09)
Up to From The Divine Right of the King to Civil War and Restoration
THE STUART (1603 - 1688)
Mary Stuart's heirs: James I, Charles I, Charles II, James II
JAMES (1603 - 1625)
- James Stuart VI of Scotland: crowed also James I of England
- he united Scotland and England
- he practiced the theory of absolute monarchy: kings were not responsible to any earthly power
- he limited Parliament power and he summoned it only to ask for money
- 5th November 1605: a plot to blow up the Houses of Parliament was discovered
CHARLES (1625 - 1649)
- He was convinced to be king by divine right
- Parliament was contrary to him: he ruled as an absolute monarch
- There was religious differences: Anglicans: religion of the Church of England, Catholics: feared for their tendency to intrigue, Puritans: political importance
- He was killed in January 1649 during the Civil War
PETITION OF RIGHTS
- 1625: Charles imposed taxation
- 1628: Petition of Rights
- The king rejected the Petition
THE CIVIL WAR
- 1642: creation of Parliamentary Army
- 1645 at Naseby: Parliamentary Army, with Oliver Cromwell, broke the Royalist's resistance
- Tories (who represented the Crown and the Nobility) fought against Whigs (who represented industrial and commercial classes)
- The Royal Family went to exile in Paris
- Commonwealth: republic in London → Cromwell was its Lord Protector
THE RESTORATION
- 1660: the monarchy was restored with Charles II
- The king re-establish the supremacy of the Anglican Church
CHARLES II (1660 - 1685)
- Under his reign: London was a large town
- A plague killed about a third of London inhabitants
- A fire destroyed most of oldest sections of London
JAMES II (1685 - 1688)
- He was Catholic
- He hat to imposed Catholicism
- Revolution of 1688 which deposed the king