MODERNISM: movement of artists who rebelled against century academic and historicist traditions.

1) WHERE                                     Europe

2) WHEN                                        late 19th and early 20th centuries

3) HISTORICAL CONTEXT    wars and revolutions, political and social

                                                            fragmentation

4) MEANING                                 suffix –ISM: negative --> decadence

5) FEATURES                             • revolt against the conservative values of realism

                                                          • celebration of the new economic, social and political

                                                             aspects of the emerging modern world

                                                          • rejection of tradition: rewriting and revision in new

                                                            forms

                                                          • rejection of the certainty of Enlightenment

6) MAIN CONCEPT                   There is an absolute truth that can be found

7) EXAMPLES OF NOVELS     Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen

                                                            Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert

8) ART                                             Vorticism

                                                            Expressionism

                                                            Cubism

POSTMODERNISM: movement developing after the modern period. It represents the development of modernism, it goes beyond.

1) WHERE                                      Europe

2) WHEN                                         Sixties of the 20th century

3) HISTORICAL CONTEXT      globalization, birth of new mass media

4) MEANING                                  POST: 1. after modernism 2. more than the

                                                                                 previous movement

5) FEATURES                               • re-interpretation of history, culture, society, religion

                                                            •abolishment of the idea of the possibilityto believe in

                                                             something --> instability

                                                            • abolishment of the differences between low and

                                                              high art

                                                            • rejection of tradition

6) MAIN CONCEPT                    Quest of the idea of authority, truth and the centre

7) EXAMPLES OF NOVELS    Oranges are not the Only Fruit by Jeanette Winterson

                                                           Nice Work by David Lodge

8) ART                                             Dadaism

                                                            Contemporary art: pop art (from ‘popular’)