Complete the following notes. They will give you an outline of the information contained in the passage. The main points, relations of cause-effect, illustrations etc. are clearly indicated in the text by logical connectors. Look out for them.

• (par. 1) The essence of the Industrial Revolution
In the nineteenth century there were radical changes in England and in the western world
It led to the growth of two systems of thought:

1) Economic science 2) Socialism

a)Adam Smith

b)Malthus

c)Ricardo

d) John Stuart Mill


• (par. 2-3) Facts of Industrial Revolution.
1)Distribution of wealth

2)Growth of population


• (par. 4) Decrease in rural population.
causes: 1)destruction of the common field system of cultivation
2) enclosure
3) consolidation of small farms into large
• (par. 5) Agricultural advance.
cause - more scientific approach:
e.g.
breed of cattle
rotation of crops
steam - plough
agricultural societies
• (par. 6-7) Growth of industry.
causes;
1) mechanical inventions in textile industry
e.g.
spinning - jenny
Crompton's mule
self - acting mule
cotton mill

most important:
steam engine
engine for cotton mill

2) mechanical revolution in iron industry
e.g.
invention of smelting by pit coal
application of the steam engine to blast furnaces
3) improved means of communication
e.g.
canal systems
improvments of roads
railroad

results: 1) substitution of scientific for unscientific culture
2) substitution of factory system for domestic system.

• (par. 8) Revolution in distribution of wealth:
rise in rents caused by
1)rental of land

2)enclosure system

3)consolidation of farms

4) high price of corn
social changes in country life:
• (par. 9) Social changes in manufacturing world:the farmers shared in the prosperity of landlords; for many of them held their farms under beneficial leases, and made large profits by them
consequences:
1) the old relation between masters and men disappeared
2) cash nexus
3) class conflict.
• (par. 10) Misery of working people often caused by:

1)high price of bread

2)repeal of corn laws

3)fluctuation of trade

Conclusion:The effects of Industrial Revolution prove that free competition may produce wealth without producing well being.