Learning Paths » 5A Interacting

MCristin - Modernism and Postmodernism. Expected Results
by MCristin - (2011-12-14)
Up to  5A - Modernism and PostmodernismUp to task document list
1- The word Postmodernism well displays the movement cultural features and contradictions: first of all it implies a relationship with Modernism since at the same time it comes diachronically after but also goes beyond some of its tenets. As it always happens with something new, at the beginning it is considered with suspect.
2- Modernism and Postmodernism while constantly having mutual a silent dialogue are totally different as far as the way they consider truth, because while Modernists still believed in the possibility to find a meaning which could give relevance to their existence and they followed personal quests in this direction, Postmodernists do not even think to look for truth as a single unique point of reference because they do not believe there is one
3- Inter-textuality is a cultural and narrative technique which openly displays references to other texts in different ways ranging from inner influence, structural frameworks and/or quotations.
4- The connection between the rise of the novel and the birth of Capitalism is clearly explained in Robyn's lesson, where she finds a justification in the Protestant ethic as the springboard for the investment of one's know-how. If on the one hand capitalists invested their money in industrial projects, the novelist invests his/her imagination to create a product the customer only knows he/she wants when reading the novel.
Robyn is one of the protagonists of David Lodge's Nice Work typical example of the semiotic materialism underlying Post-modernism.
5- Post-modernism cannot distinguish between high and low art because it rejects the idea of meaning as a reference point and, as a result, if there is no reference meaning, there cannot be any definite truth of authority which can establish what is high and what is low. It follows that Post-modernism considers high and low art all the same discourse formation that can coexist.
6- Postmodernism does not believe in the concept of author because it poses the idea that since there is not a single identity conceived of as a unique finite soul in total control of his/her production, communication and relationships it follows that there cannot be a single author from which text can totally originate and therefore there is only production as a tissue of intertextual reference.
7- Readers in Postmodernism come to the forefront for the same reason that explains the lack of a single author. If there is no author meaning, comprehension and interpretation shift from the author to they who create possible meanings and interpretations from their process of reading that is from trying to find personal meanings out of the discourse formations they come across in the text they read.
8- Using the Bible as the structuring principle of Oranges Are Not The Only Fruit is a revolution attitude rationally conceived of to put into question the text of the Bible seen as a dogmatic point of reference the Bible, the very essence of western culture is used in a game-like narrative framework to create a form of entertainment like the novel. In addition it provides the intelligent reader a sense of direction to follow the project displaying one of the most traditional formats of the western novel: the Bildugs Roman. Indeed the name of the chapters of the novel are symbolic and metaphorical representations of different steps and stages of growth in the protagonist's life. In short religion, the untouchable reference and truth or excellence of all western culture is continually and continuously questioned thus demonstrating that Postmodernism does not believe in history, meaning, dogmas, authors or whatever when they come to be considered untouchable rules that are expected to tell people what to do and not.
9-Inserted parallel stories are meant to provide the reader a parallel layer where symbolically and thus metaphors the narrator create a silent dialogue between storyline, plot and the inserted stories of the novel. It follows that the choice that becomes a structural choice wants to underline the apparent difference between realism (apparently telling about facts, history and events) and fiction. Fiction actually means something invented, Storyline and inserted stories are just a way for the narrator to provide the reader with occasions for reflecting and re-searching about one's life.

10-The adoption of a first person narrator for most part of the novel is another game-like choice with which the writer Jeanette Winterson herself plays with the reader indeed he does not easily distinguish between Jeanette the concrete living writer Jeanette the protagonist of the novel thus making fun of all those (critics included) that still are unable to understand fiction is not concrete reality, fiction is an art craft, something made up and despite all this most of the times conceived of as more real than reality itself in a few words hypereal.