Correction of the class text: Expected result

1.    The world "postmodern" well displays the movement cultural features and contradictions: first of all it implies a relationship with modernism since at the same time it comes diachronically after but also goes beyond some of his tenets. As it always happened with something new, at the beginning it is considered with suspect.

2.    Modernism and Postmodernism while constantly having a mutual silent dialogue are totally different as far as the way they consider truth; because while modernists still believed in the possibility to find a meaning which could give relevance to their existence and they followed personal quests in this direction, Postmodernisms does not even think to look for truth as a single unique point of reference because they don't believe there is one.

3.    Intertextuality is a cultural and narrative technique which openly displays reference to other texts in different ways ranging from inner influence, structural fremors, and all quotations.

4.    The connection between the rise of the novel and the birth of the industrialization is clearly explained in Robyn's lesson, where she finds a justification in the protestant ethic as the springboard for the investment of one's know how. If on the one hand capitalists invested their money in industrial products, the novelists invests his or her imagination to create a product that the customer only knows he or she wants when reading the novel. Robyn is one of the protagonists of David Lodge's Nice Work a typical example of the semiotic materialism underling postmodernism.

5.    Postmodernism does not  distinguish between high and low art because it rejects the idea of meaning as a reference point and , as a result if there is no reference meaning there cannot be any definite truth or authority which can establish what is high and what is low. It follows that Postmodernism considers high and low art all the same discourse for a mission that can coexist.

6.    Postmodernism does not believe in the concept of author because it poses the idea that there is not a single identity conceived of as a unique final soul in total control of his or her production, communication and relationship. It follows that there cannot be a single author from which a text can totally originate and therefore there is only production as a tissue of intertextuality references.

7.    Readers in Postmodernism come to the forefront to the same reason that explains the lack of a single author. If there is no author meaning, comprehension and interpretation shift from the author to they who create possible meanings and interpretations, from their process of reading that is from trying to find personal meanings out of the discuss formation they come across in the text they read.

8.    Using the Bible as a structural principle of Oranges Are Not The only Fruit is a revolutionary attitude rationally considered of to put into question the text of the Bible; the very essence of western culture is used in a game like narrative framework to create a form of entertainment like the novel. In addition it provides the intelligent reader a sense of direction to follow the project displaying one of the most traditional formats of the western novel, The Bildungs Roman. Indeed the name of the chapter in the novel are symbolic and metaphorical representation of different steps and stages of growth in the protagonist's life. In short, religion, the untouchable reference and truth for excellence of all western cultures, continually and continuously questions thus demonstrating that Postmodernism does not believe in history meaning, dogmas, authors or whatever when they come to be considered untouchable rules that are expected to tell people what to do and what not.

9.    Inserted parallel stories are meant to provide the reader a parallel layer where symbolically and thus metaphorically the narrator creates a silent dialogue between story line, plot and the inserted story of the novel. It follows that the choice that become a structural choice wants to underline the apparent difference between realism (apparently telling about facts, histories and events) and fiction. Fiction actually means something invented. Story lines and inserted stories are just a way for the narrator to provide the reader with occasions for reflecting and researching about one's life.

10.    The adoption of the 1^st person narrator for most part of the novel is another        game like choice with which the writer Jeanette Winterson herself plays with the reader indeed he or she does not easily distinguish between Jeanette the concrete living writer and Jeanette the protagonist of the novel thus making fun of all those (critics included) that still are unable to understand fiction is not concrete really, fiction is an art craft, something made up and, despite all this most of the times conceived of as more real that reality itself. In a few words hypereeal (iperealtà).