1)The word Postmodernism well displays the movement cultural features and contradictions, first of alla it implies a relationship with Modernism, since at the same time it comes diachronically after, but also goes beyond some of its tenets. As it always happened with something new, at the beginning was considered with suspect.

 

2)Modernism and Postmodernism while constantly having a mutual silent dialogue are totally different as far as the way they consider truth, because while Modernists still believed in the possibility to find a meaning which could give relevant to their existence and they followed personal quests in this direction, Postmodernists do not even think to look for truth as a single, unique point of reference because they don't believe there is one.

 

3)Intertextuality is a cultural and narrative technique, which openly displays references to other texts in different ways, ranging from inner influence, structural frameworks and/or quotations.

 

4)The connection between the rise of the novel and the birth of industrialization is clearly explained in Robyn's lesson, where she finds a justification in the protestant ethic as the springboard for the investment of once how. If on the one hand capitalists invested their money in industrial projects, the novelist invests his/her imagination to create a product the customer only knows he/she wants when reading the novel. Robyn is one the protagonists of David Lodge "Nice Work", a typical example of the semiotic materialism during Postmodernism.

 

5)Postmodernism cannot distinguish between high and low art because it rejects the idea of meaning as a reference point and, as result if there is no reference meaning, there cannot be any definite truth or authority which can't establish what is high and what is low. It follows that Postmodernism considers high and low art all the same, discursive formation that can coexist.

 

6)Postmodernism does not believe in the concept of author because it poses the idea that since there is not a single identity conceived of as a unique, finite soul in total control of his/her production, communication, and relationship, it follows that there cannot be a single order from which a text can total originate and therefore there is only production as a tissue of intertextuality references.

 

7)Readers in Postmodernism come to the forefront the same reasons that explains the lack of a single author. If there is no author meaning, comprehension and interpretation shift from the author to they who create possible meanings and interpretation, from their process of reading, that is from trying to find personal meanings out of the discursive formations they can across in the text they read.

 

8)Using the bible as the structuring principle of "Oranges are not the Only Fruit" is a revolutionary attitude rationally conceived of to put into question the text of the Bible sign a dogmatic point of reference. The bible, the very essence of Western culture is used is game like narrative frameworks to create a form of entertainment like the novel. In addition, it provides the intelligent reader a sense of direction to follow the project displaying one of the most traditional formats of the Western novel: the Bilduns Roman. Indeed the name of the chapters in the novel are symbolical and metaphorical representation of different steps and stages of growth in the protagonist's life. In short religion, the untouchable reference and truth for excellence of all Western culture is continually and continuously questioned thus demonstrating postmodernism does not believe in history, meaning, dogmas, author or whatever when they come to be considered untouchable rules that are expected to tell people what to do and what to not.

 

9)Inserted parallel stories are meant to provide the reader a parallel layer where symbolically and thus metaphorically the narrator creates a silent dialogue between storyline, plot and the inserted stories of the novel. It follows that the structural choice wants to underline the apparent difference between realism, apparently telling about facts, history and events, and fiction. Fiction actually means something invented. Storyline and inserted stories are just a way for the narrator to provide the reader with occasion for reflecting and researching about once life.

 

10) The adoption of a first person narrator for most part of the novel is an other gain like choice with which the writer Jeanette Winterson herself plays with the reader in that he doesn't easily distinguish between Jeanette the concrete living writer and Jeanette the protagonist of the novel, thus making fun of all those (critics included)that still are unable to understand fiction is not concrete reality: it is an artcraft, something made up and despite of this most of the time conceived of as more real than reality itself. In a few words, hyperreal.