"The Chief Features of the Industrial Revolution" written by A. Toynbee.

Reading from the title the intelligent reader can understand that this text deal with the historical process of the Industrial revolution, pointing out changes from a economical, political and social point of view. In it there are described the causes and effects of the Industrial Revolution.

The test is divided into paragraphs both describe a specific aspect of this revolution.

The first paragraph is the introduction. It covers the first three lines. It's a declaration of intention of the industrial revolution.

The second paragraph covers line 4 to 23.in it the writer gives the reader a definition of the phenomenon, a judgment of its importance and an explanation of its consequences.

The third paragraph cover line 24 to 33. The writer describes the Principles of political economy by the four most important economists of the time :Adam Smith (Wealth Of Nations, 1776) ,  Malthus (Essay On Population, 1798) , Ricardo (Principles Of Political Economy and Taxation, 1817) ,  John Stuart Mill (Principles Of Political Economy, 1848). The principles are :

•·         How wealth ought to be distributed,

•·         The distinction drawn between the laws of production and those of distribution.

The fourth paragraph covers line 34 to 39. The writer explains us the facts of the industrial revolution. The first thing that the author emphasizes is the growing up of population. The reader can understand this growing up thinking about perceptual that the text gives us. These perceptual make  us understand the rapidity of the growth of population.

The fifth paragraphs is a small one, it covers 40 to 42 line. The function of this lines are like an introduction to the agrarian revolution and its positives decline.

The sixth paragraph covers 43 to 62 line. In it, the intelligent reader can understand the causes of the agrarian revolution(end of the 18^th century). The causes were:

•·         The destruction of the common-field system of cultivation,

•·         The enclosure of common and waste lands,

•·         The consolidation of small farms into large.

The seventh paragraph starts with a list of the most important and relevant inventions and their consequences.

The eighth paragraph explain the transports' improvement ()providing information about the changes brought to canals, roads and railroads and their consequences.

Than the paragraphs provides some data about price's variations through time

The ninth paragraph is the conclusion. In it the reader can find the description of the effect on people and economy of the revolution. The test finishes with the author's last personal opinion on the Industrial Revolution.