The Industrial Revolution signals the passage from an agrarian and maritime work to the new kind of job into the factories during the 19^th-century.

The first causes of this process are the production and the distribution of wealth that accordingly create a growth of work for two great systems as Economic Science and Socialism.

Besides, during the end of 18^th-century and the beginning of 19^th-century, there was an increase of people that together with the decline of agricultural, as the destruction of common field, the enclosure of common and waste lands, promoted the development of factory. Nevertheless during this period, the agricultural can have new revolutions: in fact the rise of factory developed at the same time the use of new machines that helped the mechanic activity and decreased the manual labour.

On the other hand there were a new technological innovations in the field of industry: for instance the new production of wrought iron, the new cotton and woolen industry thanks by James Hargreaves’s spinning-jenny and Edmund Cartwright’s power-loom, the improvement of steam-engine (invented in 1698) by James Watt and applied by Robert Fulton to steamboats and by George Stephenson to locomotives that revolutionized the transport. For this reason the new necessity of coal doubled its production.

Moreover, during this period there was so-called transport revolution: in fact the development of industry required more and better roads and a network of canals to bring materials to the factories and to the markets. The datum about this growth was astonishing: 3000 miles of waterways, thousands of miles of roads and hundreds of bridges were built between 1760 and 1820.

The industries so became the stronghold of the nation’s economy: they represented a new system where the production was unit in one place and all people from children to women were important even if they were badly treated. This system required the exploitation of colonial territories for raw materials.

The new changes promoted the creation of social classes as the merchant capitalists. The growth of population increased the numbers of consumers and workers: for example to simplify the life of workers were built a lot of houses near the factory, but treated of badly built with no water or sanitation, so people live in poor conditions.

In the end of 18^th-century workers created the “workers-class movement” to look their interests: it was legalized only in 1824 after a revolutionary activity.