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RMinetto - The Victorian Novel and Utilitarianism - analysis of the extract "Coketown"
by RMinetti - (2012-05-14)
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The extract is taken from Hard Times by Charles Dickens and it is a description of Coketown. The narrator is athird person omniscient and intrusive narrator who knows anf filters everything. The name of the town reminds the fuel that is generally employed in the factories. The town becomes the symbol of a the alienated, polluted situation where material is more important than the individual. In the first sequence the narrator starts appealing to the sense of sight. The town is dominated by two colours: red and black. These colours doesn't derive from a natural elements, but from artificial ones: the bricks that form buildings are red while the rivers are black. Besides the narrator compares the two colours to the painted face of a savage, a person who hasn't got culture and who isn't civilizated. Charles Dickens describes in a methonimic way the smoke that comes out the chimneys exploiting the metaphoric potential of the language. He creates the picture of a serpent, symbol of temptation and linked to the idea of knowledge. In this way Mr Dickens criticizes industrialization from the inside, indirectly. The city canal is black while the river is purple, so they are extremely polluted. Going on, the narrator also appeals to hearing by using onomatopoeic words in order to recreate the noise of machinery that seems to have no ending. In the town there is no possibilities of hope and to impreve life conditions. It is a place that never changes and this situation is recreated by the motion of the pistons that go up and down all-the-day-long. The motion recalls to a mad elephant that moves his head without stopping. Next to the auditory level Mr Dickens uses a particular synthax that recreates the effect of monotony such as repetitions. The architectural desing is very poor and no creative and all the poeple seem the same, are alienated, perform the same actions, go to work at the same time. Therefore eerything in the town is suffocating, boring, monotonous and repetitive. In the second sequence the narrator informs the reader the town is devoted only to work, according to the puritan and utilitarian vision of the world. Coketown is based on work and everything else is refused such as comfort. Everything has to be useful for the comunity even the church. The buildings seem all the same because what matters isn't the shape and the appaerance but only their function, that is the fact. The same idea is applied in human relationship and in the other aspect of society. Mr Dickens express the suffocating and oppressive atmosphere and life in the town by repeating many times the word fact