• (par. 1) The essence of the Industrial Revolution
Historical process which brought radical changes

1) Economic science 2) Socialism

a)Adam Smith

b)Malthus

c)Ricardo

d)John Stuart Mill


• (par. 2-3) Facts of Industrial Revolution.
1)Decline of agricultural population

2)Growth of population


• (par. 4) Decrease in rural population.
causes: 1)destruction of the common-field system
2) enclosures
3) consolidation of small farms into large
• (par. 5) Agricultural advance.
cause - more scientific approach:
e.g.
extension of arable cultivation
rotation of crops
invention of steam - plough
agricultural societies
• (par. 6-7) Growth of industry.
causes;
1) mechanical inventions in textile industry
e.g.
spinning-jenny
Crompton's mule
water-frame
cotton mill

most important:
steam engine
power-loom

2) mechanical revolution in iron industry
e.g.
smelting by pit-coal
steam engine to blast furnaces
3) improved means of communication
e.g.
canal systems
turnpike road
railroad

results: 1) increase of commerce
2) substitution of factory system for domestic system.

• (par. 8) Revolution in distribution of wealth:
rise in rents caused by
1)money invested in improvement

2)enclosure system

3)consolidation of farms

4) high price of corn
social changes in country life:
• (par. 9) Social changes in manufacturing world:more wealthy farmers, poorer labourers
consequences:
1) old relations disappeared
2) labourers' wages falling
3) class conflict.
• (par. 10) Misery of working people often caused by:

1)conditions of labour

2)high prices

3)fluctuation of trade

Conclusion:Industrial Revolution brought wealth, but not always well-being.