The industrial revolution was a very important event that took place in nineteenth century in England. According to the words of Arnold Toynbee, the effects produced a wealth distributed fairly, the economy changed from an agrarian society to an industrial one, but without producing well-being. So what are the benefits of industrial revolution? Well, at the end of this process the benefits were of little importance compared to the social consequences: the cities were populated so much that the population lived in miserable conditions and in poverty.

The beginning of this change come with the publication and dissemination, by Adam Smith, Malthus, Ricardo and Joan Stuart Mill, of various works. In their texts they explained a lot of scientific innovation, and systems to bring well-being among the population.

Firstly the most obvious fact was the rapid growth of population, as a matter of fact Arnold Toynbee gives us some dates about the increase of population.

Furthermore another important event was the agrarian revolution that changed the rural world. The use of new machines helped change farming into a more mechanized activity, and decreased the need for manual labor. Due to a self-sufficient agriculture, the only hope for the farmers was to find work in factories that needed a large workforce.

Therefore industries became the main place of Industrial Revolution. Iron, steel and textile industries became of vital importance. For example some inventions were the spinning-jenny, self acting mule, the steam engine, the power-loom... all of these were very important to increase the factories. In addition to this, the means of communication were improved: the most important invention were the canal system, turnpike road and especially the railroad. With these new system England can communicate and moved independently, and caused an extraordinary increase in commerce.

The economic changes brought about a major social revolution. Alongside the wealthy merchant class, a new breed of capitalists was created in the towns. There were factory owners whose enormous fortunes were on a par with those of aristocratic landowners. The aim of owners was to achieve improved working conditions and higher wages.

Finally I can't forget how people worked in factories. Several factory owners built houses for their workers near their factories. Living condition were very poor and working conditions in factories dangerous, women and children worked long hours every day.

To sum up, Industrial Revolution was so positive for innovations, new ways of communication, commerce, economy, but so destructive for the society that suffers for the changes that I explain before.