Structure analysis of “The chief features of the Industrial revolution”, Arnold Toynbee 

The text that I’m going to analyze is taken from Arnold Toynbee, “The Industrial Revolution” (1884). 

First of all, I focus on the title which makes me think that the writer will deal with the nineteenth century English process, which is the Industrial Revolution. This first working hypothesis is confirmed by the beginning of the trial that has the introductionary function, contestualising the event and expressing the main thesis: the process has improved radical changes in England during the century. 

After that, the text’s argumentary part starts.

 In the first paragraph the writer explains the growth of Economic Science and Socialism quotating, in a cronological order, four of the main English economists to support this thesis (Adam Smith, Malthus, Ricardo and John Stuart Mill). 

Then in the second paragraph the statistics, introduced by correlation “coming to the facts”, are used to give truth to the statements about a growth of population. In particular, the writer talks about a rise in the agricultural field (link made by the connective "next") which has produced an agrarian revolution.  As a consequence of this is the decrease in the rural population To deal with this topic the writer uses a question to express the thesis and the answer as an argumentation. Instead he uses a quotation of Cobbert in order to support that the process went on uninterruptedly into the present century.

 Then there’s a quotation of Laurence adding to the mention of  a particular episode about farms to talk about the substitution of scientific culture. 

Moving on he ends the agricultural topic with the rotation of crops and starts the manufactured one using the contrast relation with the expression "passing to". 

In this part the writer, to support his argument, makes a list of all the mechanical inventions in the textile industry put in the cronological order and linked with temporally connectives as “at first, before, after”. 

He uses the same method to deal with the mechanical revolution in iron industry and improved means of communication such as canal system, roads and railroad. Moreover these improvements create an increase in commerce; this is expressed by a cause-effect relation and supported by a quotation. In addition, connected to this there's the revolution in the wealth distribution, quoted in the next paragraph using economics elements and the word "doubtless" to emphasize the mandatory nature of his thesis. 

Then the final paragraph starts with a cause-effect relation made by the word "in consequences" to talk about to changes: one involves the money's field and as a consequence of this there’s the second one, a change in the relation between farmer and laborer too. 

Last but not least there's the conclusion drove made by the last two sentences. These are like a reflection of the writer who expresses his opinion as a balance of the process: even if there's been a development in wealth, this hasn't happened for what regards well-being.