Activities

 

Complete the following notes. They will give you an outline of the information contained in the passage. The main points, relations of cause-effect, illustrations etc. are clearly indicated in the text by logical connectors. Look out for them. 

 

•  (par. 1) The Industrial Revolution is the substitution of COMPETITION for the medieval regulations which controlled the production and distribution of wealth. In Europe, this

led to growth of two systems of thought:

 

1) Economic science                      2) Socialism

 

a) Adam Smith

b)Malthus

c)Ricardo

d) John Stuart Mill

 

 

 • (par. 2-3) Facts of Industrial Revolution. 

1)Growth of population, decline of rural population

2)Agrarian Revolution

 

 

• (par. 4) Decrease in rural population.

causes:     1)  the destruction of the common-field system of cultivation 

     2)   the enclosure of common and waste lands

     3)   and the consolidation of small farms into large

• (par. 5) Agricultural advance.

cause — more scientific approach:

e.g.  

The breed of cattle was improved

Rotation of crops was introduced

The steam-plough was invented

agricultural societies

• (par. 6-7) Growth of industry.

causes;

1) mechanical inventions in textile industry

e.g.  

Spinning-jenny

Water-frame

mule

Self-acting mule

most important:

steam engine

Power-loom

 

2) mechanical revolution in iron industry

e.g.  

Smelting by pit-coal

Application of steam-engine to blast furnacesa

3) improved means of communication

e.g.  

canal

Turn-pike road

railroad

 

results:   1)  periods of over-production and of depression

     2) substitution of factory system for domestic system.

 

• (par. 8) Revolution in distribution of wealth:

rise in rents caused by

1)money invested in improvements

2)enclosure system

3)consolidation of farms

4) high price of corn

social changes in country life:

• (par. 9) Social changes in manufacturing world: the farmers shared in the prosperity of the landlords; for many of them held their   farms under beneficial leases, and made large profits by them.

 consequences:

 1)  lots of money for farmers

2)  change in habits

3) class conflict.

• (par. 10) Misery of working people often caused by:

 

1)fall in wages

2)rise of prices

3)fluctuations of trade

 

Conclusion:

 

It is common to think that welth means well-being, but Industrial revolution demonstrated the contrary.