Exercise 2, page 66

1. With ‘’Geography’’, Ptolemy defined the discipline of geography and laid down the principles of global mapping, so scholars was able to map the world for the first time.
2. Ptolemy believed that the sun and the planets revolved in concentric spheres around a stationary earth and that below the moon was the world of mutability and above it, the world of permanence.
3. Copernicus questioned Ptolemy’s theory creating a new model of the solar system in which the sun was at the centre and the other planets moving around it.
4. With the invention of the telescope, Galileo Galilei proved that the Earth turns around the sun. In addition he established  the scientific method based on sensory observation, experiment and mathematical measurement.
5. Microcosm was studied by reference to the macrocosm of all creation and each order of life was linked to a level of the chain.
6. The chain was organized into levels. In the first there was the inanimate class, in the second the vegetative class, in the third the animal class and in the last one the angels.
7. Man occupies the animal class, but (unlike animals) he had not only existence, life and feeling, but also understanding.