Activities

 

Complete the following notes. They will give you an outline of the information contained in the passage. The main points, relations of cause-effect, illustrations etc. are clearly indicated in the text by logical connectors. Look out for them. 

 

• (par. 1) The Industrial Revolution is not only one of the most important facts of English history, but also the event thatled to growth of two systems of thought:

 

1) Economic science                      2) Socialism

 

a) Adam Smith

b) Malthus

c) Riciardo

d) John Stuart Mill

 

 

 • (par. 2-3) Facts of Industrial Revolution. 

1) Population increase: from 3 to 18%

2) Agricultural population decrease: from 35 to 28%

 

 

• (par. 4) Decrease in rural population.

causes:     1)  destruction of the common – field system of cultivation

     2)  enclosure of common and waste lands

     3)  consolidation of small farms in large ones.

• (par. 5) Agricultural advance.

cause — more scientific approach:

e.g.  

Breed of cattle

Rotation of crops

Steam - plough

agricultural societies

• (par. 6-7) Growth of industry.

causes;

1) mechanical inventions in textile industry

e.g.  

Spinning - jenny

Water - frame

Crompton’s mule

Self – acting mule

most important:

steam engine

Power - loom

 

2) mechanical revolution in iron industry

e.g.  

Smelting by pit - coal

Application of steam engine in blast furnaces

3) improved means of communication

e.g.  

roads

turnpike road

railroad

 

results:   1) Commerce’s increase

     2) substitution of factory system for domestic system.

 

• (par. 8) Revolution in distribution of wealth:

rise in rents caused by

1) large sums of money invested in improvements

2) effect of the enclosures system

3) frams’ consolidation

4) high price of corn

social changes in country life:

• (par. 9) Social changes in manufacturing world:

Alienation in the manufacturing world: the new class of great capitalist employers made enormous fortunes, they took little or no part personally in the work of their factories, their hundreds of workmen were individually  unknown to them

consequences:

 1)  Relationship between masters and men disappeared

2) Cash nexus substituted for human tie.

3) class conflict.

• (par. 10) Misery of working people often caused by:

 

1) fall in wages in some industries they rose

2) prices’ rise

3) sudden fluctuation of trade

 

Conclusion:

The Industrial Revolution’s consequences prove that the wealth and the welfare’s increase are not connected and sometimes they may be inversely proportional.